Quiz 22: The Proteobacteria

Which of the following genera include bacteria with stalks? A)Vibrio B)Campylobacter C)Caulobacter D)Rhizobium

An appendage that is an extension of the bacterial cell wall and plasma membrane is a(n)______. A)flagellum B)prostheca C)pilus D)mycelium

An organism that uses methane or methanol as its sole carbon and energy source is called a ______. A)methanogen B)methylotroph C)methanotroph D)methylogen

Species of the genus Hyphomicrobium are budding bacteria that attach to solid objects and are ______. A)found in marine and freshwater environments B)aerobic chemoheterotrophs C)able to reproduce by budding D)All of the choices are correct.

Rickettsias are not ______. A)able to use glucose as an energy source B)the cause of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever C)obligate intracellular parasites D)All of the choices are correct.

Members of the genus Rhizobium A)infect broad-leaved plants and cause crown gall disease. B)are free living soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. C)grow symbiotically in root nodules of legumes where they fix nitrogen. D)are important nitrifying bacteria that convert nitrite to nitrate.

The process of conversion of ammonia to nitrate is referred to as _______. A)nitrogen fixation B)nitrification C)ammonification D)denitrification

Most of the oligotrophic proteobacteria are found in the _______. A)alpha proteobacteria B)beta proteobacteria C)gamma proteobacteria D)delta proteobacteria

Which of the following best describes the photosynthetic membranes of the purple nonsulfur bacteria? A)The photosynthetic membranes are attached to the plasma membrane but not continuous with it. B)The photosynthetic membranes are not associated with the plasma membrane. C)The photosynthetic membranes are continuous with the plasma membrane. D)There are no photosynthetic membranes in the purple nonsulfur bacteria.

Which of the following genera grow symbiotically within root nodules of legumes as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids? A)Agrobacterium B)Rhizobium C)Nitrosomonas D)Bacteroides

Which of the following is true of Agrobacterium tumefaciens? A)It is capable of nitrogen fixation. B)It causes crown gall disease when it carries a tumor inducing (Ti)plasmid. C)It can enter plants through unbroken leaf tissue. D)All of the choices are correct.

The class of proteobacteria that may be incorporated into the gamma proteobacteria is the ______. A)alpha proteobacteria B)beta proteobacteria C)delta proteobacteria D)epsilon proteobacteria

The purple nonsulfur bacteria A)grow anaerobically as photoorganoheterotrophs. B)utilize organic molecules as a source of electrons for photosynthesis. C)typically can grow aerobically in the dark as chemoorganoheterotrophs. D)All of the choices are correct.

Rickettsia species are unable to use glucose as a carbon and energy source,but can use glutamate or succinate.

The stalk of Caulobacter increases in the surface area of the cell,which facilitates absorption of nutrients from nutrient poor environments.

Although discussed with the bacteria,Rickettsias are small obligate intracellular parasites and are therefore more properly classified as viruses.

Caulobacter is a genus of bacteria with a unique cell division cycle that yields two morphologically distinct cell types.

Rickettsias enter host cells by inducing ______.

Members of the genus Rhizobium,when growing symbiotically within root nodule cells,are referred to as ______.

A ______ is a hollow tubelike structure that surrounds a chain of cells.

Sheaths of the bacterium Sphaerotilus are tubelike structures that are in intimate contact with the chain of cells that they enclose.

Species of the genus Thiobacillus A)oxidize inorganic sulfur compounds and produce ATP. B)produce acids that leach metals out of ore. C)are ubiquitous in soil,freshwater,and marine environments. D)All of the choices are correct.

Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be a particular problem with ______. A)pneumonia patients B)decay of iron pipes under anaerobic conditions C)myasthenia gravis patients D)cystic fibrosis patients

Members of the genus Neisseria cause which of the following human diseases? A)Gonorrhea B)Syphilis C)Genital herpes D)Diarrhea gastroenteritis

Which of the following is/are true of the sheath of Leptothrix? A)Attaches bacteria to surfaces B)May contain ferric and manganic oxides C)Helps protect against microbial predators D)All of the choices are correct.

Whooping cough is caused by ______. A)Klebsiella pneumoniae B)Vibrio parahaemolyticus C)Bordetella pertussis D)Yersinia pestis

Coxiella burnetii is responsible for ______. A)Q-fever B)Rocky Mountain spotted fever C)Lyme disease D)Typhoid fever

Coxiella burnetii reproduces in the ______________ of a eukaryotic host cell. A)cytoplasm B)phagolysosome C)nucleus D)endoplasmic reticulum

Members of the genus Pseudomonas A)are aerobes that mineralize a wide variety of organic compounds. B)are obligate intracellular parasites. C)form cysts when starved for nutrients. D)perform anaerobic photosynthesis.

Mineralization refers to A)the breakdown of organic materials to inorganic materials. B)the release of various minerals from ores. C)the utilization of minerals as energy sources. D)the incorporation of inorganic material into organic materials.

Bacteria that naturally exhibit bioluminescence have been found in which of the following genera? A)Vibrio B)Shigella C)Pasteurella D)Pseudomonas

The largest group of proteobacteria are the ______. A)alpha proteobacteria B)beta proteobacteria C)gamma proteobacteria D)delta proteobacteria

Which of the following is not true about Methylococcus and Methylomonas? A)They are strict anaerobes. B)Most species are capable of forming cysts. C)They contain complex arrays of intracellular membranes when using methane. D)All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following genera fix nitrogen nonsymbiotically? A)Rhizobium B)Nitrosomonas C)Nitrobacter D)Azotobacter

Members of the genus Salmonella are common causes of ______. A)gastroenteritis B)pneumonia C)meningitis D)urinary tract infections

Which of the following organisms causes plague? A)Bordetella pertussis B)Yersinia pestis C)Helicobacter pylori D)Campylobacter jejuni

Beggiatoa are ______. A)obligate aerobes B)facultative anaerobes C)microaerophiles D)obligate anaerobes

The causative agent of cholera in humans is a member of the genus ______. A)Escherichia B)Vibrio C)Enterobacter D)Shigella

Methylotrophic bacteria A)are strict anaerobes. B)use reduced one-carbon compounds as their main source of carbon. C)are members of the Archaea based on 16S rRNA sequencing. D)produce methane as a by-product of their metabolism.

A genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae that is a major pathogen of crop plants is ______. A)Yersinia B)Erwinia C)Proteus D)Shigella

Methylotrophic bacteria generate ATP by oxidizing methane to methanol then to formaldehyde,which is excreted.

Escherichia coli is a good indicator of fecal contamination of water supplies.

The enterobacteria in the order Enterobacteriales are readily distinguishable from one another by morphological criteria.

Because of the similarity in cellular morphology among the Enterobacteriales,biochemical or genetic tests are needed for identification of particular genera and species.

Escherichia coli has not been found to be pathogenic in humans.

Members of the genus Thiothrix are sheathed bacteria that can replicate by releasing gonidia from the open end of the sheath.

Biochemical tests are no longer very important for the identification of enteric bacteria.

Haemophilus influenzae type b is a causative agent of meningitis in children.

Most myxobacteria A)are micropredators because they secrete digestive enzymes that lyse bacteria and yeasts. B)have the ability to aggregate and form a fruiting body under conditions of nutrient limitation. C)produce desiccation resistant dormant myxospores. D)All of the choices are correct.

The genus Bdellovibrio A)form long filaments called trichomes. B)prey on gram negative bacteria by becoming an intracellular parasite. C)use reduced sulfur compounds as a source of energy. D)are responsible for causing diarrhea in humans.

The genus Desulfovibrio A)is a strict anaerobe. B)uses sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration. C)produces H₂S. D)All of the choices are correct.

Myxobacteria lyse bacteria and yeasts by secretion of digestive enzymes.They then use the resulting peptides and amino acids as a source of which of the following? A)Phosphate B)Nitrogen C)Iron D)All of the choices are correct.

In which of the following regions in the host bacterium are you most likely to find Bdellovibrio? A)The cytoplasm B)The nucleoid C)The space between the cell wall and plasma membrane D)The cell nucleus

Members of the order Desulfovibrionales use which of the following as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration? A)Elemental sulfur or sulfate B)O₂ C)CO₂ D)Organic acids and alcohols

Helicobacter pylori is responsible for ______. A)pneumonia B)cholera C)dysentery D)peptic ulcer disease

Campylobacter jejuni is the cause of ______. A)abortion in sheep and enteritis diarrhea in humans B)wilt disease in plants C)fowl cholera D)meningitis

Filamentous microbial mats in anoxic,sulfide-rich cave springs are dominated by members of the ______. A)alpha proteobacteria B)beta proteobacteria C)delta proteobacteria D)epsilon proteobacteria

Nautiliaceae are chemolithoautotrophs from deep-sea _________ vent ecosystems

In the genus Caulobacter,asymmetric transverse fission produces a flagellated that adheres to surfaces.

An example of purple photosynthetic bacteria metabolic flexibility is seen in Rhodospirillum rubrum using a "decision-making" process; in oxic conditions,the bacterium uses fermentation,photoheterotrophy,or photoautotrophy versus when oxygen is not present that the photosynthetic apparatus is used to grow chemoorganotrophically.

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the purple photosynthetic bacteria photosynthetic apparatus? A)Apparatus is straight to decrease surface area and contain reactions B)Performs anoxygenic photosynthesis C)Possesses bacteriochlorophylls a or b D)Apparatus is continuous with the plasma membrane E)Has intracytoplasmic membranes (ICMs)to provide space for photosynthetic units (PSUs)

Nitrifiers are chemolithoautotrophs that use either as electron donors in a process called nitrification.

In nitrification,electrons are donated to an electron transport chain from ammonia or from nitrite to be oxidized to serving as the terminal electron acceptor.

All terrestrial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are -proteobacteria,including Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira in the Nitrosomonadaceae family.

Which of the following is recognized as a microbe capable of nitrification? A)Nitrosomonas europaea B)Purple nonsulfur bacteria C)Hyphomicrobium spp. D)Red photosynthetic bacteria

Of the can be used either as reductants for biosynthesis or be donated to the electron transport chain to reduce the terminal electron acceptor,oxygen.

Recently a methanotrophic proteobacterium was reported that oxidizes methane in anoxic environments by coupling methanotrophy with nitrite reduction,known as _______.In this process of reducing nitrite (NO₂^-)to nitrogen gas (N₂),molecular oxygen is released within the microbe,which it harnesses for methane oxidation.

When using as an electron donor.

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria obtain ATP via as an electron acceptor.

The use of metals as terminal electron acceptors is/are known as _______ because the metals are not incorporated into biomass. A)dissimilatory metal reduction B)metallo-neutral C)Fenton reactions D)negative metallic addition

One strategy used by dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria that enable their use of insoluble compounds as electron acceptors is to localize cytochromes in the outer membrane,rather than the plasma membrane to enable the direct transfer of electrons from cytochromes to the extracellular metal.

A strategy used by dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria that enable their use of insoluble compounds as electron acceptors is to transfer electrons to the metal via external,intermediary compounds such as .

Species of Shewanella,Geobacter,and some cyanobacteria have evolved a strategy to enable their use of insoluble compounds as electron acceptors: the production of electrically conductive _______ that transfer electrons from the terminal point in the ETC to a metal surface. or or

The enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH)splits formic acid to H₂ and CO₂ and is crucial to survival during fermentation because if fermentive intermediates were allowed to accumulate within the cell,the internal pH would become far too _______ to support viability. A)hypertonic B)acidic C)hypotonic D)alkaline

Sulfate- or sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB)are united by their ability to reduce during anaerobic respiration.

In general,the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)can oxidize carbon substrates such as lactate,formate,butyrate,propionate,pyruvate,or aromatic compounds to acetate.

In dissimilatory sulfate reduction by Desulfovibrio,electrons are passed out of the cell,where they are used to reduce sulfide completely to sulfate.

In an electron transport chain capable of dissimilatory sulfate reduction,the oxidation of sulfate to sulfide requires to form APS.

Because of their environments and physiology,there is great interest in using members of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)Shewanella and Geobacter in bioremediation or to generate electricity in microbial fuel cells.

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)are very important in the cycling of sulfur within ecosystems because significant amounts of sulfate are present in almost all aquatic and terrestrial habitats,making SRB widespread and active.

Desulfuromonaceae and Geobacteraceae are strict anaerobic mesophilic bacteria and have been isolated from anoxic _______ environments. or or or or or

In M.xanthus,_______ motility is a kind of twitching that is governed by the production of retractable type IV pili,only observed when cells are in a group. or or

M.xanthus has an alternate motility type,known as _______ motility,because it is exhibited by single cells that leave the group,perhaps scouting for prey and requires a multiprotein motility "machine." or or

Although Epsilonproteobacteria make up the smallest of the five proteobacterial classes,species such as Helicobacter and Campylobacter are responsible for significant human disease that range from mild to severe.

The critical enzymatic virulence factor that helps allow Helicobacter pylori survive in the harsh acidic environment of the stomach is _______,which drives the local pH up. or