Juvenile Delinquency Study Set 2

The first organized police force was created in London in 1829.

Historically,when children violated the law,they were often treated the same as adult offenders.

Many studies find that Hispanic teens are the most likely to view the police as dishonest.

Most officers regard juvenile violations as serious regardless of the offender.

A case involving a juvenile often demands that the officer consider the facts of the case,the law,and police discretion.

Since the mid-1990s,the juvenile violence rate has increased substantially.

Juveniles typically account for about 40 percent of all violent crime arrests.

In misdemeanor cases,the police officer must personally observe the crime to place a suspect in custody.

In felony cases involving juveniles,the police officer must personally observe the crime to place a suspect in custody or have probable cause to believe that a crime took place and that the juvenile did it.

Most juvenile laws provide broad authority for the police to take juveniles into custody,which implies a protective rather than punitive form of custody.

Most courts have held that the Fourth Amendment ban against unreasonable search and seizure applies to juveniles.

Since the mid-1960s,any incriminating statements arising from a "custodial interrogation" cannot be used at trial.

In the case People v.Lara,the court ruled that a juvenile's waive of his/her Miranda rights is determined by the totality of the circumstances.

The validity of juvenile waiver of rights depends on the age of the youth,education,their knowledge of the charges,the method of interrogation,and whether the youth was allowed to consult their family.

Police do not need probable cause to arrest juveniles.

In a classic 1963 study,Nathan Goldman examined the arrest records of more than a thousand juveniles from four communities in Pennsylvania and concluded that the majority of the police contacts with juveniles were handled informally.

In deciding what to do with a juvenile offender,police officers may be influenced by their perception of community alternatives to police intervention.

Among the factors that play into the police discretionary process are the attitude of the offender and the complainant.

Research indicates that a police officer is much more likely to take formal action if the crime is serious,if it has been reported by a respectable member of the community,and if the offender is well known to them.

Meda Chesney-Lind found that adolescent female status offenders are arrested for less serious offenses than boys.