Question 1

A major factor in the killing of bacteria within a vacuole is:

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)and an oxidizable cofactor serve as major factors in the actual killing of bacteria within the vacuole.

Question 2

Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the:

Accepted Answer

Embryonic blood cells,excluding the lymphocyte type of white blood cell (WBC),originate from the mesenchymal tissue that arises from the embryonic germ layer,the mesoderm.The sites of blood cell development,or hematopoiesis,follow a definite sequence in the embryo and fetus.

Question 3

A basophil degranulates in a(n):

Accepted Answer

Basophils have high concentrations of heparin and histamine in their granules,which play an important role in acute,systemic hypersensitivity reactions.

Question 4

When an antibody-coated antigen is phagocytized,which component of the antibody molecule must fit into a receptor on the phagocytic cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytes detect antigens using various cell surface receptors.The speed of phagocytosis can be greatly increased by recruiting the following two attachment devices present on the surface of phagocytic cells:
Fc receptor binds the Fc portion of antibody molecules,chiefly immunoglobulin G (IgG).The IgG attaches to the organism through its Fab site.
Complement receptor-the third component of complement,C3,also binds to organisms and then attaches to the complement receptor.

Question 5

Place the stages of phagocytosis in the correct sequence of occurrence.
A) Digestion and destruction
B) Chemotaxis
C) Adherence
D) Engulfment
E) Phagosome formation and fusion

Accepted Answer

The answer of Place the stages of phagocytosis in the...

Question 6

The primary function of mature neutrophils is:

Accepted Answer

Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood,lymph,gastrointestinal system,and respiratory tract.When trauma occurs,the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour.Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammatory site.Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intruding agent.Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in severe infections.

Question 7

The name of the structure formed within a phagocytic cell by the fusion of an engulfed (phagocytized)particle and enzymatic granules is a:

Accepted Answer

After the phagocytic cells have arrived at the site of injury,the bacteria can be engulfed through active membrane invagination.Pseudopodia are extended around the pathogen,pulled by interactions between the Fc receptors and Fc antibody portions on the opsonized bacterium.Pseudopodia meet and fuse,thereby internalizing the bacterium and enclosing it in a phagocytic vacuole,or phagosome.

Question 8

If the first line of nonspecific body defense,intact skin,is cut with a piece of glass contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus,which cellular component of the immune system quickly responds?

Accepted Answer

The neutrophilic leukocyte,particularly the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)type,provides an effective host defense against bacterial and fungal infections.

Question 9

Enhancement of phagocytosis by the coating of foreign particles with serum proteins is called:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytes detect antigens using various cell surface receptors.The speed of phagocytosis can be greatly increased by recruiting two attachment devices present on the surface of phagocytic cells: (1)the Fc receptor binds the Fc portion of antibody molecules,chiefly immunoglobulin G;and (2)the IgG attaches the organism through its Fab site.

Question 10

Eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood when a patient has _____________________ infection.

Accepted Answer

A functional property related to the membrane receptors of the eosinophil is the cell's ability to interact with the larval stages of some helminth parasites and damage them by oxidative mechanisms.Certain proteins released from eosinophilic granules damage antibody-coated Schistosoma parasites and may account for damage to endothelial cells in hypereosinophilic syndromes.

Question 11

MATCHING
Match the type of blood cell with the appropriate function.(An answer may be used more than once. )

-Mononuclear monocytes-macrophages

Accepted Answer

Mononuclear monocytes-macrophages are the primary phagocytic cells, meaning they are responsible for engulfing and breaking down foreign material and pathogens.

Answer: B
 Mononuclear monocytes-macrophages also play a role in the recognition of foreign antigens, helping to initiate the immune response by presenting antigenic material to other immune cells.

Question 12

Patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)can manifest:

Accepted Answer

LAD ultimately leads to recurrent and often fatal bacterial and fungal infections.Patients have a history of delayed separation of the umbilical cord,gingivitis,recurrent and persistent bacterial or fungal skin infections,and impaired wound healing.A lack of pus formation has also been noted.Patients frequently develop severe,life-threatening infections.

Question 13

MATCHING
Match the type of blood cell with the appropriate function.(An answer may be used more than once. )

-Plasma cells

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells are antibody-synthesizing cells.

Answer: B
 B cells are responsible for recognition of foreign antigen.

Answer: A
 Primary phagocytic cells are typically neutrophils and macrophages, which are not listed as answer choices.

Question 14

Primary granules,or azurophilic granules,contain:

Accepted Answer

Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types:
1.Primary,or azurophilic,granules containing enzymes (e.g. ,lysozyme,myeloperoxidase)
2.Secondary,or specific,granules containing substances such as lactoferrin.
3.Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases

Question 15

The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is:

Accepted Answer

The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts;RBCs)formed in the islets of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life.Gradually,the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell development.By the second month of gestation,the liver becomes the major site of hematopoiesis,and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance.The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life.In the fourth month of gestation,bone marrow begins to produce blood cells.After the fifth fetal month,bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.

Question 16

Mononuclear cells are effective phagocytic cells against:

Accepted Answer

Mononuclear cells are particularly effective as phagocytic cells because of the large amounts of lipase in their cytoplasm.Lipase is able to attack bacteria with a lipid capsule,such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 17

MATCHING
Match the type of blood cell with the appropriate function.(An answer may be used more than once. )

-Lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the type of blood cell with...

Question 18

Macrophages:

Accepted Answer

The phagocytic property of the macrophage is particularly important in the processing of antigens as part of the immune response.Macrophages are believed to process antigens and physically present this biochemically modified and more reactive form of antigen to lymphocytes (particularly T helper cells)as an initial step in the immune response.Recognition of antigen on the macrophage surface by T lymphocytes,however,requires an additional match of the surface MHC class II gene product.With proper recognition,the macrophage secretes a lymphocyte-activating factor (interleukin-1 [IL-1]),lymphocyte proliferation ensues,and the immune response (T cell-B cell response)is facilitated.

Question 19

MATCHING
Match the type of blood cell with the appropriate function.(An answer may be used more than once. )

-Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic (PMN)leukocytes

Accepted Answer

Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic (PMN) leukocytes are primarily involved in phagocytosis, where they engulf and digest pathogens, making them primary phagocytic cells.

Question 20

The name of the process that promotes attraction of phagocytic cells toward a foreign particle is:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytic cells are guided to the site of injury by chemoattractant substances.This event is termed chemotaxis.A chemotactic response is defined as a change in the direction of movement of a motile cell in response to a concentration gradient of a specific chemical,chemotaxin.Chemotaxins can induce a positive movement toward and negative movement away from a chemotactic response.Antigens function as chemoattractants,and when antigenic material is present in the body,phagocytes are attracted to its source by moving up its concentration gradient.

Quiz 3: Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

A major factor in the killing of bacteria within a vacuole is:

Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the:

A basophil degranulates in a(n) :

When an antibody-coated antigen is phagocytized,which component of the antibody molecule must fit into a receptor on the phagocytic cell?

Place the stages of phagocytosis in the correct sequence of occurrence. A) Digestion and destruction B) Chemotaxis C) Adherence D) Engulfment E) Phagosome formation and fusion

The primary function of mature neutrophils is:

The name of the structure formed within a phagocytic cell by the fusion of an engulfed (phagocytized) particle and enzymatic granules is a:

If the first line of nonspecific body defense,intact skin,is cut with a piece of glass contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus,which cellular component of the immune system quickly responds?

Enhancement of phagocytosis by the coating of foreign particles with serum proteins is called:

Eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood when a patient has _____________________ infection.

MATCHING Match the type of blood cell with the appropriate function.(An answer may be used more than once. ) -Mononuclear monocytes-macrophages

Patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) can manifest:

MATCHING Match the type of blood cell with the appropriate function.(An answer may be used more than once. ) -Plasma cells

Primary granules,or azurophilic granules,contain:

The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is:

Mononuclear cells are effective phagocytic cells against:

MATCHING Match the type of blood cell with the appropriate function.(An answer may be used more than once. ) -Lymphocytes

Macrophages:

MATCHING Match the type of blood cell with the appropriate function.(An answer may be used more than once. ) -Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic (PMN) leukocytes

The name of the process that promotes attraction of phagocytic cells toward a foreign particle is: