Which proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for the development and maintenance of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
A) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF),interleukins (Il-2,Il-4,Il-10),and interferon-a
B) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF),interleukins (Il-3,Il-5,Il-9),and b-interferon
C) Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF),interleukins (Il-7,Il-11,Il-14),and platelet-activating factor (PAF)
D) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a),interleukins (Il-1,Il-6,Il-8),and platelet-activating actor (PAF)

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukins (Il-1, Il-6, Il-8), and platelet-activating factor (PAF) are proinflammatory cytokines that are responsible for the development and maintenance of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). These cytokines cause endothelial damage and activation, release of tissue factor, and platelet activation leading to the formation of blood clots and bleeding. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Option A includes G-CSF which is not involved in DIC, and interleukins (Il-2, Il-4, Il-10) and interferon-a which are anti-inflammatory cytokines. Option B includes GM-CSF which is not involved in DIC, and interleukins (Il-3, Il-5, Il-9) and b-interferon which are also not directly involved in DIC. Option C includes M-CSF which is not involved in DIC, and interleukins (Il-7, Il-11, Il-14) and PAF which are not primary cytokines responsible for DIC.

Which Proinflammatory Cytokines Are Responsible for the Development and Maintenance