Question 1

Overall,restorative justice programs are ineffective across multiple measures and do not prove to be an effective alternative to incarceration.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not entirely true. While there is debate and mixed evidence on the effectiveness of restorative justice programs, there are also studies and examples that show positive outcomes in reducing recidivism and promoting victim satisfaction. Therefore, it is not accurate to make a blanket statement that restorative justice programs are ineffective across multiple measures and never prove to be an effective alternative to incarceration.

Question 2

Describe the risk,needs,and responsivity (RNR) principles of correctional programming and why they are important to the success of programming.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Social and political confidence in offender rehabilitation in Canada is very high.

Accepted Answer

In Canada, public opinion on the effectiveness of offender rehabilitation is mixed, with many expressing skepticism about the success of rehabilitation programs and concerns over recidivism rates. Political and social confidence in these programs varies, reflecting a range of views on criminal justice policy.

Question 4

Describe the four generations of risk assessments as proposed by Bonta (1996).

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Question 5

Outline the five types of restorative justice approaches..

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Question 6

Identify and describe Hanson and Morton-Bourgon 's (2009) five-category classification of risk assessment tools.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Discuss the two key decision points - pre-trial and custody classification/intake assessment - when risk assessments are used in corrections.

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Question 8

In terms of crime desistance,offenders are largely similar in their criminal trajectories across their lifespan.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that offenders have varied and complex criminal trajectories that are influenced by a range of individual, social, and environmental factors. Hence, they are not largely similar in their criminal trajectories, and their paths towards desistance can also be diverse.

Question 9

The link between punishment and deterrence of crime is strong.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies and meta-analyses have shown that the certainty of being caught is a more powerful deterrent than the severity of the punishment. Additionally, factors such as social, economic, and psychological influences play significant roles in criminal behavior, indicating that the link between punishment and deterrence is not as strong as once thought.

Question 10

Research across multiple countries and correctional agencies has demonstrated that cognitive-behavioural models for correctional programming reduce reoffending.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found that cognitive-behavioral programs are effective in reducing recidivism rates among offenders in various countries and correctional settings. These programs focus on changing offenders' thinking patterns, attitudes, and behaviors, and have been shown to improve their social skills, problem-solving abilities, and decision-making processes. Overall, cognitive-behavioral interventions have become one of the most widely used forms of correctional treatment worldwide.

Question 11

Explain the major themes of retribution,incapacitation,and deterrence.

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Question 12

Compared to offenders who do not complete rehabilitation programs,offenders who complete such programs are more likely to receive a discretionary release and less likely to fail following release.

Accepted Answer

This statement is supported by research that suggests completing rehabilitation programs can increase an offender's chances of successfully reintegrating into society and avoiding future criminal behavior. This, in turn, may make them more likely to be granted discretionary release when compared to offenders who have not completed rehabilitation programs.

Question 13

Providing programming to lower risk offenders may help decrease their likelihood of reoffending.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Describe the Conceptual Model of Offender Transition.

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Question 15

Crimes are largely committed by individuals during their adolescent and early adult years,but criminal behaviour usually ceases between the ages of 30 and 40.

Accepted Answer

This is supported by research on the age-crime curve, which shows that criminal activity typically peaks in the late teens or early 20s and then declines as people enter their 30s and 40s.

Question 16

Explain the concept of restorative justice (RJ) and the main features of RJ programs.

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Quiz 4: Canadian Corrections in Practice Psychology of Criminal Behaviour