Question 1

In developing his theory,which of the following methods did Kelly rely on?
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Behaviorism
C) Trait theory
D) None of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

Kelly's theory, known as personal construct theory, was developed independently of psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and trait theory. It emphasizes an individual's subjective understanding of their experiences and the ways in which they construct and interpret the world around them.

Question 2

Kelly's personal construct theory states that personality can be understood by:
A) determining the influence of the unconscious on one's conscious behavior.
B) the way people organize and interpret their world.
C) understanding one's need for safety and the anxiety caused by the lack of it.
D)the passive response to stimuli in our environment.

Accepted Answer

Kelly's personal construct theory proposes that people create their own mental maps or constructs to help them make sense of the world around them. These constructs are based on the individual's unique experiences, perceptions, and interpretations. Therefore, understanding how people organize and interpret their world is key to understanding their personality according to this theory.

Question 3

Which of the following statements best describes a construct?
A) It is a unipolar element of one's personality causing extremities in behavior.
B) It is a collection of one's subconscious thoughts and repressed emotions.
C) It is an image of a universal experience contained in the collective unconscious.
D) It is an intellectual hypotheses to explain or interpret life events.

Accepted Answer

A construct is an intellectual hypothesis that is used to explain or interpret an event or phenomenon. Constructs are often used in social science research to operationalize abstract concepts or ideas, such as intelligence or motivation, in order to measure them mathematically or statistically. Contrary to the other answer choices, constructs are not related to subconscious thoughts, the collective unconscious, or personality traits.

Question 4

Kelly's theory is based on the idea that _____.
A) people belonging to the same culture construe events in identical ways
B) future events duplicate past events
C) personality is fully developed at childhood and is unchanging thereafter
D) themes from the past will reappear in the future

Accepted Answer

Kelly's theory suggests that people construct their understanding of the world based on their personal experiences and past events. He believed that these constructions or schemas can influence how individuals perceive and interpret future events. Therefore, themes from the past may reappear in the future, leading to a pattern of recurring psychological themes or tendencies.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about Kelly's life?
A) As a child,Kelly was neglected by his parents.
B) Kelly had been preparing for a career in psychology from the time he had enrolled in high school.
C) Paucity of funds made Kelly change his specialization from physiological psychology to clinical psychology.
D) Kelly's work in psychology was majorly influenced by Freud's psychoanalytic theory.

Accepted Answer

George Kelly, the psychologist behind the Personal Construct Theory, had to change his specialization from physiological psychology to clinical psychology due to a lack of funds. This shift was significant in his career development and contributions to psychology.

Question 6

Once formed,constructs tend to:
A) last for a few months at most.
B) inhibit further change in behavior.
C) weaken as we grow older.
D) guide our behavior.

Accepted Answer

Once formed, constructs tend to guide our behavior. Constructs are mental representations that help us understand and interpret the world around us. They form the basis of our beliefs, attitudes, and behavior, and they tend to guide our behavior over time. While constructs can evolve and change as we learn and grow, they generally provide a stable framework that shapes our perceptions and actions. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 7

According to Kelly,the freedom to revise one's constructs is called:
A) constructive determinism.
B) constructive interference.
C) constructive alternativism.
D) constructive dichotomy.

Accepted Answer

The freedom to revise one's constructs is called constructive alternativism, which is the idea that individuals have the freedom and flexibility to revise and reinterpret their constructs based on their experiences and new information. Option A, constructive determinism, refers to the idea that constructs determine an individual's behavior, and Option B, constructive interference, is a term from physics and does not relate to personal constructs. Option D, constructive dichotomy, is not a recognized term in personal construct theory.

Question 8

Kelly's personality theory derived from:
A) his experience as a clinician.
B) surveys conducted on factory workers.
C) the study of self-actualized individuals.
D) interpretations of the two-factor theory.

Accepted Answer

Kelly's personality theory was developed from his years of working as a clinical psychologist and his experiences with his clients.

Question 9

According to Kelly,individuals use personal constructs to:
A) manipulate their subconscious thoughts.
B) release their repressed emotions and experiences.
C) predict and control the events in their lives.
D) assess the behavior of other people.

Accepted Answer

According to Kelly, personal constructs are mental frameworks we use to interpret and anticipate events in our lives. They help us make predictions, set goals, and plan actions. They also provide a basis for understanding the behavior of other people. Personal constructs do not manipulate subconscious thoughts or release repressed emotions.

Question 10

Which of the following is a difference between Kelly's cognitive theory and the cognitive movement that began around 1960?
A) Cognitive psychologists studied their subjects in an experimental setting,whereas Kelly developed his theory in a clinical setting.
B) Cognitive psychologists studied their subjects in a clinical setting,whereas Kelly developed his theory in an experimental setting.
C) Kelly's study primarily dealt with overt behavior,whereas cognitive psychologists primarily studied covert behavior.
D) Kelly believed that learning influences a person's response to a given stimulus,whereas cognitive psychologists stressed on the conscious constructs by which people arrange their lives.

Accepted Answer

Kelly developed his cognitive theory in a clinical setting, focusing on individual's personal constructs, while the broader cognitive movement often utilized experimental settings to understand mental processes.

Question 11

According to the individuality corollary,_____.
A) different people perceive the same event in different ways
B) constructs reflect an event's objective reality
C) people differ in their physiological drives
D) individuals predict events in terms of the best outcome for themselves

Accepted Answer

The individuality corollary states that different individuals may perceive the same event or situation in different ways based on their own unique constructs or personal perspectives. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because constructs are not necessarily reflective of objective reality, but rather are subjective mental frameworks used to make sense of reality. Option C is incorrect because physiological drives are not specifically related to the individuality corollary. Option D is incorrect because it refers to decision-making rather than perception of events.

Question 12

Personal constructs are oriented toward the:
A) reconstruction of past events.
B) anticipation of future events.
C) actualization of unconscious desires.
D) release of psychic energy.

Accepted Answer

Personal constructs are mental frameworks that help individuals make sense of the world around them and anticipate future events. They are not oriented toward the reconstruction of past events, actualization of unconscious desires, or release of psychic energy.

Question 13

Kelly's initial clients were:
A) middle-aged women with severe depression.
B) students who were referred by their teachers for counseling.
C) emotionally disturbed soldiers during World War II.
D) maladjusted patients in a psychiatric ward.

Accepted Answer

The information given about Kelly's initial clients does not mention anything about severe depression, soldiers, or patients in a psychiatric ward. The only option that is mentioned is students who were referred by their teachers for counseling.

Question 14

According to Kelly,the only way to understand the human personality is to understand:
A) one's childhood experiences and evidences of basic anxiety.
B) unconscious desires and their expression in one's dreams.
C) how people interpret events and organize their social relationships in a system.
D) behavior as a manifestation of their primitive instincts.

Accepted Answer

According to Kelly, the only way to understand human personality is to understand how people interpret events and organize their social relationships in a system, which he called Personal Construct Theory. Kelly rejected the idea that childhood experiences or unconscious desires determine personality, and he viewed behavior as a person's effort to make sense of the world around them based on their personal constructs. Primitive instincts were not a focus of Kelly's theory.

Question 15

George Kelly's approach to personality is called:
A) psychoanalysis.
B) the humanistic approach.
C) individual psychology.
D) personal construct theory.

Accepted Answer

George Kelly's approach to personality is called personal construct theory, which emphasizes the idea that individuals develop their own unique constructs or ways of interpreting and organizing their experiences. This approach differs from psychoanalysis and individual psychology in its focus on the individual's subjective interpretation of their experiences, and it differs from the humanistic approach in its emphasis on the cognitive processes underlying personality.

Question 16

Kelly attempted to describe all aspects of personality,including its emotional components,strictly in terms of _____.
A) cognitive processes
B) biological processes
C) unconscious desires
D) instinctoid needs

Accepted Answer

Kelly attempted to describe personality in terms of cognitive processes, which include thoughts, perceptions, and interpretations. He believed that individuals' unique ways of perceiving and interpreting their experiences shape their personality. He did not focus on biological processes, unconscious desires, or instinctoid needs.

Question 17

Which of the following is a reason for an individual to test his or her construct against reality?
A) To determine the number of inappropriate constructs that can be applied to a situation
B) To confirm his or her construct
C) To develop a theory based on each construct
D) To address his or her fears using constructs

Accepted Answer

Testing one's construct against reality is a way to confirm whether the construct accurately reflects the situation in question. It helps to ensure that the individual is using a valid and reliable construct to make sense of their experiences.

Question 18

A person formulates hypotheses about the environment and tests them against:
A) established psychological theories.
B) the archetypes in collective unconscious.
C) the reality of daily life.
D) unconscious fears and desires.

Accepted Answer

The person tests their hypotheses against the reality of daily life. This is the most practical and appropriate way to test hypotheses about the environment. Established psychological theories and archetypes in collective unconscious can contribute to the formulation of hypotheses, but they cannot serve as the only basis for testing them. Unconscious fears and desires may also influence the hypotheses, but they are not necessarily the primary focus of the testing process.

Question 19

Which of the following is a feature of constructs?
A) They can be revised.
B) They reduce one's ability to cope with new situations.
C) They cannot be replaced.
D) They are strongly influenced by physiological needs.

Accepted Answer

Constructs are mental concepts or categories that people use to make sense of their environment. One feature of constructs is that they can be revised based on new information or experiences. This allows individuals to adapt to new situations and update their way of thinking, rather than being limited by rigid, unchangeable constructs. Option B is incorrect because constructs do not reduce one's ability to cope with new situations, but rather provide a framework for understanding and responding to them. Option C is also incorrect as constructs can be replaced or revised as mentioned earlier. Option D is incorrect as constructs are not strongly influenced by physiological needs but rather by cognitive processes and individual perceptions.

Question 20

If Kelly had worked with schizophrenics in a mental institution during his formative professional years,_____.
A) his theory would not have emphasized the ultimate human goal of self-actualization
B) he would have had his clients discuss their concerns rationally and in intellectual terms
C) he would have used Freud's psychoanalytic therapy to cure mental illnesses
D) his theory might not have depended so heavily on cognitive information-processing abilities

Accepted Answer

Working with schizophrenics may have given Kelly a greater appreciation for the limitations of cognitive processes in certain mental illnesses, leading him to develop a theory that did not rely as heavily on cognitive information-processing abilities.

Quiz 11: George Kelly: Personal Construct Theory

In developing his theory,which of the following methods did Kelly rely on?

Kelly's personal construct theory states that personality can be understood by:

Which of the following statements best describes a construct?

Kelly's theory is based on the idea that _____.

Which of the following statements is true about Kelly's life?

Once formed,constructs tend to:

According to Kelly,the freedom to revise one's constructs is called:

Kelly's personality theory derived from:

According to Kelly,individuals use personal constructs to:

Which of the following is a difference between Kelly's cognitive theory and the cognitive movement that began around 1960?

According to the individuality corollary,_____.

Personal constructs are oriented toward the:

Kelly's initial clients were:

According to Kelly,the only way to understand the human personality is to understand:

George Kelly's approach to personality is called:

Kelly attempted to describe all aspects of personality,including its emotional components,strictly in terms of _____.

Which of the following is a reason for an individual to test his or her construct against reality?

A person formulates hypotheses about the environment and tests them against:

Which of the following is a feature of constructs?

If Kelly had worked with schizophrenics in a mental institution during his formative professional years,_____.