Question 1

The family studies showed that criminality in the mother (or head female caretaker)had a much stronger influence on future criminality of the children than did the father's criminality.

Accepted Answer

Family studies have consistently shown a stronger influence of maternal criminality on the future criminality of children compared to paternal criminality. This phenomenon is referred to as the "maternal effect" in criminology. However, it is important to note that this is a general trend and there are always exceptions to the rule.

Question 2

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter largely responsible for good feelings in the brain.

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is often referred to as the "feel-good" neurotransmitter because it is involved in the reward and pleasure centers of the brain. It is linked to feelings of pleasure, motivation, and reinforcement of positive behaviors.

Question 3

Criminality tends to cluster in certain families,as the first wave of nature versus nurture studies showed.However,this tendency cannot be shown to be a product of heredity or genetics.

Accepted Answer

While criminality may run in families, it is not necessarily a result of genetics or heredity, as environmental factors and learned behaviors can also play a role in shaping criminal behavior.

Question 4

A high proportion of females in prison for committing violent crimes did so while on their premenstrual cycle when they experience an influx of testosterone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A high proportion of females in prison...

Question 5

Research has consistently found both genetics and environment influence behavior,particularly the interaction between the two.

Accepted Answer

Research in psychology, neuroscience, and genetics has found that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to behavior, and that the interaction between the two is complex and multifaceted. While genetics can shape traits such as temperament, intelligence, and vulnerability to mental illness, environmental factors such as upbringing, social relationships, and life experiences can also play a significant role in shaping behavior. Additionally, research has shown that genetic and environmental factors can interact in complex ways, such that the effects of either factor may depend on the presence or absence of the other. For example, a genetic predisposition to depression may be exacerbated by stressful life events, while a supportive and nurturing environment may attenuate such risk.

Question 6

Although the Kallikak family study provides proof that criminality is more common in some families,subsequent studies have proven otherwise.

Accepted Answer

The Kallikak family study, conducted by psychologist Henry H. Goddard, has been widely criticized for its methodological flaws and biased interpretation. Subsequent research has shown that criminal behavior cannot be attributed solely to heredity, as environmental factors play a significant role.

Question 7

The Kallikak and Jukes family studies did not have similar findings concerning criminality and heredity.

Accepted Answer

Both the Kallikak and Jukes family studies concluded that criminality and other negative social behaviors were inherited, suggesting a strong link between heredity and such behaviors, although modern perspectives criticize these studies for their methodological flaws and biased interpretations.

Question 8

Selective placement is when adoptees are placed with their biological families so they are taken out of the home.

Accepted Answer

Selective placement is actually when adoptees are placed with families that are selected based on certain criteria, such as matching the child's needs, preferences, and cultural background, rather than being placed with their biological families.

Question 9

Explain findings on diet and nutrition connections to criminality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain findings on diet and nutrition connections...

Question 10

Some children do not feel anxiety when being physically punished (e.g. ,spanked)and are likely to have lower-than-average levels of ANS functioning and are also likely to become chronic offenders if this disorder is not addressed.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children who do not feel anxiety when being physically punished are more likely to have lower ANS functioning and are at risk for developing conduct disorder, which can lead to chronic offending if not addressed.

Question 11

Doctors typically prescribe individuals diagnosed with ADHD a stimulant because these individuals have significantly low levels of ANS arousal.

Accepted Answer

People with ADHD have been found to have lower levels of arousal within the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). Stimulant medication is prescribed to increase ANS arousal and improve symptoms of ADHD.

Question 12

Investigations into Goddard's research found that he altered many photographs to make the family members appear more evil and fit into the definition of stigmata.

Accepted Answer

Investigations have indeed found that Goddard altered photographs to fit his version of the stigmata phenomenon.

Question 13

For every dollar spent on maternal/infant health care,studies show that not only will many dollars in criminal justice processing and prison time be saved but also many lives,due to the reduction in violence.

Accepted Answer

This statement is supported by multiple studies that have shown that investing in maternal and infant health care can lead to a reduction in violence and crime, as well as improving the overall health and well-being of communities. Therefore, investing in maternal and infant health care can lead to significant cost savings and improve the quality of life for individuals and communities.

Question 14

Explain the nature versus nurture debate.Design a hypothetical study to test these competing ideas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the nature versus nurture debate.Design a...

Question 15

Otherwise known as Klinefelter's syndrome,the XYY mutation results in higher likelihood for homosexuality and other behaviors but is not typically linked to criminality.

Accepted Answer

There is no scientific evidence that supports the idea that XYY mutation results in a higher likelihood for homosexuality and other behaviors. Additionally, XYY mutation is not typically linked to criminality either.

Question 16

The highest predictability for future criminality by far was for adopted youths whose biological parents and adoptive parents were not convicted criminals.

Accepted Answer

The highest predictability for future criminality is typically found in cases where either the biological parents, adoptive parents, or both have a history of criminal behavior, suggesting a combination of genetic and environmental factors in the risk of developing criminal tendencies.

Question 17

Concordance is a count based on whether two people (or a twin pair)share a certain trait (or lack of a certain trait);for our purposes,the trait is criminal offending.

Accepted Answer

Concordance is indeed a count based on whether two people (or a twin pair) share a certain trait (or lack of a certain trait); and for this question, the trait in question is criminal offending.

Question 18

Of the parents,who is more likely to be a stronger influence concerning the criminality of the children? Explain the two (2)reasons presented in the text.Make a case for or against this finding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the parents,who is more likely to...

Question 19

Explain findings on toxins and connections to criminality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain findings on toxins and connections to...

Question 20

What are neurotransmitters and what do they do? How are neurotransmitters different from hormones? How can the neurotransmitter serotonin be related to criminality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are neurotransmitters and what do they...

Quiz 6: Modern Biosocial Perspectives of Criminal Behavior