Question 1

Studies have shown that women across all racial groups are far more likely to finish their higher education than men.Moreover, one-third of all doctoral recipients are women.However, the percentage of women found in STEM fields is relatively poor.Which of the following is likely to be a reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women are often discriminated against in hiring and promotion in STEM fields, which contributes to the lower percentage of women in these fields. This is not to say that other factors like work-life balance or personal preferences don't play a role, but studies have consistently found that gender bias in hiring is a major barrier for women in STEM.

Question 2

Gary, a manager, offers to take Susan, his manager, out on a date.However, Susan declines his offer, stating that she is married.Despite her refusal to go out with him, Gary constantly asks her out.This scenario is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

Gary's persistent asking despite Susan's clear refusal constitutes verbal harassment.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of the role that schools play as socialization agents?

Accepted Answer

Teachers and schools are among the most important socialization agents in a child's life as they provide formal education, transmit cultural values, and social norms to the student body. It is also incorrect to say that schools are always a child's first socialization agent, as children may have already been socialized within their family or community before starting school. Additionally, gender stereotypes can be encouraged at any age and not just in high school.

Question 4

Sexual harassment includes verbal behavior, nonverbal behavior, and physical contact.Which of the following is an example of verbal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Demands for sexual favors in return for promotions is a type of verbal behavior, specifically, it is a form of quid pro quo harassment where an individual in a position of power offers benefits in exchange for sexual favors. The other options are examples of nonverbal behavior (indecent gestures), sharing explicit materials (sharing posters, photos, or drawings of a sexual nature), and physical contact (touching inappropriately).

Question 5

Which of the following is a benefit of traditional gender roles?

Accepted Answer

Traditional gender roles provide stability and continuity in society by establishing clear expectations and roles for both men and women. This can lead to a sense of order and predictability in relationships, households, and communities.

Note: The other options do not accurately reflect benefits of traditional gender roles. Option B and C suggest that men are not already expected to help with household chores and spend time with their children, which perpetuates gender stereotypes. Option D implies that women need permission or encouragement to pursue activities outside of domestic work, which reinforces gender inequality.

Question 6

Jake, a researcher at AVS Corporation, conducted a study on families which revealed that fathers are more likely to be worried about neglecting their children than mothers.However, his colleague, Ryan, disputed the findings and argued that mothers tend to worry more than fathers.Which of the following statements, if true, is likely to strengthen Jake's argument?

Accepted Answer

This statement directly supports Jake's argument by suggesting that fathers may feel more worried about neglecting their children if they are spending less time on childcare compared to mothers.

Question 7

The person, usually the mother or a daughter, who spends a lot of time emailing family members, visiting friends and families, and organizing family gatherings during special events like birthdays and anniversaries is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The term "kin-keeper" refers to the person in a family who maintains the family network by communicating with and organizing events for family members. This role is often taken on by mothers or daughters, but can be fulfilled by anyone in the family who is motivated to do so.

Question 8

Research indicates that stay-at-home mothers are more likely than employed mothers to report experiencing negative emotions such as sadness, anger, and depression.Which of the following is most likely to strengthen this statement?

Accepted Answer

D strengthens the statement by providing a reason why stay-at-home mothers might experience negative emotions, such as feeling unappreciated by their partners.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes "the feminization of higher education"?

Accepted Answer

The feminization of higher education refers to the trend of women being more likely than men to finish college. This is seen as a positive development because it means that women are gaining access to higher-paying and more prestigious jobs that require a college degree. However, it also raises concerns about gender inequality and the implications for men who may feel disadvantaged in a world where education is becoming increasingly important.

Question 10

________ gender ideologies endorse women's and men's shared breadwinning and nurturing family roles.

Accepted Answer

Egalitarian gender ideologies endorse the idea of equality between men and women in all aspects of life, including family roles. This includes shared breadwinning and nurturing family roles, rather than assigning specific tasks or responsibilities based on gender. The other options (B, C, and D) do not necessarily promote equality in family roles. Matriarchal societies may prioritize women's leadership and decision-making, but this does not necessarily mean equal sharing of family roles. Patriarchal societies prioritize male leadership and decision-making, often resulting in assigned gender roles. Traditional gender ideologies may also assign gender roles based on traditional cultural or religious values.

Question 11

________ refers to people's unequal access to wealth, power, status, opportunity, and other valued resources because of their sex.

Accepted Answer

Gender stratification refers to the unequal distribution of resources based on gender. This includes access to wealth, power, status, and opportunity. Gender stratification often results in women having lower status and fewer resources than men.

Question 12

During a debate about gender roles, Keith states that traditional gender roles are profitable for businesses.However, James disagrees and states that egalitarian and not traditional gender roles are profitable for businesses.Which of the following statements is most likely to strengthen Keith's argument?

Accepted Answer

Traditional gender roles often lead to women staying at home to care for children, which can save companies the cost of providing child care services.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of nonverbal sexual harassment?

Accepted Answer

Peter's behavior of staring and leering at Johanna is a nonverbal form of sexual harassment as it creates a hostile and uncomfortable work environment for Johanna. The other options involve verbal or overt actions that are also forms of sexual harassment.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of peer influences as socialization agents?

Accepted Answer

Peer influences are especially influential until people reach their mid-twenties. While parents and family members still have significant influence, peers become more influential during adolescence and early adulthood. This influence begins to decrease as individuals mature into their mid-twenties and start to establish their own identities and independence. It is important to note that peer influences can be both positive and negative, depending on the individuals involved and the social context.

Question 15

A father who is the sole breadwinner for his family is performing a(n)________ role.

Accepted Answer

A father who is the sole breadwinner for his family is performing an instrumental role, which refers to the practical and financial aspects of family life, such as providing for the family's needs and ensuring their economic stability. The other choices, expressive, nurturing, and institutional roles, do not accurately reflect the father's primary function as the provider for his family.

Question 16

Generally, men are capable of speaking more frequently and for longer periods.This trait is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

Conversational dominance refers to the tendency of some individuals to talk more frequently and for longer periods in conversations. Although this trait is not exclusive to men, studies have shown that men tend to hold more power within conversations, and therefore are more likely to exhibit conversational dominance.

Question 17

Paul has been researching on women's role in politics.During his research, he observes that women often spend many hours organizing support for a candidate instead of running for political office themselves.Which of the following best explains the reason behind this?

Accepted Answer

This option suggests that women see themselves in a supporting role rather than as candidates themselves, which may explain why they focus on organizing support for other candidates instead of running for office. Option A is incorrect because the observation suggests that women are not encouraged to run for office. Options C and D are also incorrect because they offer no explanation for why women spend more time organizing support for candidates than running for office themselves.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the Global Gender Gap Index?

Accepted Answer

The Global Gender Gap Index is designed to gauge the relative equality between men and women on a range of measures, rather than measuring a country's overall development or wealth. It is not based on two main categories related to social status and cultural development, as stated in option B, but on four main categories: economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment.

Question 19

During a discussion about the effects of media advertising on women, David states that media has a very limited effect on audiences.However, his colleague, Jane, argues that exposure to unrealistic advertisements can create an adverse effect on women.Which of the following statements, if true, is likely to support Jane's argument?

Accepted Answer

The statement that studies show a direct correlation between unhealthy eating habits and ads depicting ultrathin models supports Jane's argument that exposure to unrealistic advertisements can have adverse effects on women.

Question 20

Harry believes that men are more likely than women to pass religious values to their children.However, Steven disagrees and argues that religious values are most often passed down by women.Which of the following statements, if true, is likely to weaken Harry's argument?

Accepted Answer

C suggests that men's involvement in public life could limit their time and energy for family matters, including passing down religious values, which weakens Harry's argument that men are more likely to pass religious values to their children.

Quiz 5: Socialization and Gender Roles