Question 1

Because you like Jo, you just assume that she is intelligent, warm, friendly, and gets good grades.You are demonstrating

Accepted Answer

The halo effect is the tendency to make judgments about a person's character based on limited information or based on one prominent trait. In this case, the assumption that Jo is intelligent, warm, friendly, and gets good grades is based on the positive impression we have of her (halo), without necessarily having additional information supporting these qualities.

Question 2

To attribute a number of positive qualities to individuals we like is called

Accepted Answer

The halo effect is the tendency to perceive positive qualities in individuals that we like or have a positive impression of. This can often lead to an overestimation of someone's abilities or character.

Question 3

Polar opposites such as friendly or unfriendly, intelligent or unintelligent, graceful or clumsy, funny or serious, etc.exemplify

Accepted Answer

Polar opposites represent personal constructs, which are individual beliefs or perceptions that help people to categorize and interpret stimuli in the environment. These constructs are used to create personal meanings and explanations for the world and the people in it. By using polar opposites such as friendly or unfriendly, individuals can interpret and categorize people they encounter in their environment.

Question 4

When you witness an exchange of angry words between a friend and a store clerk and you assume that the store clerk said something that set your friend off, you are attributing to

Accepted Answer

By attributing the cause of the exchange to something the store clerk said, you are attributing to a stimulus, which is option B.

Question 5

Attributing to the person means

Accepted Answer

Attributing to the person means believing that there is something about the individual themselves that caused their behavior, such as their personality, beliefs, or values. This is in contrast to attributing behavior solely to external factors, such as situational influences or other people's actions.

Question 6

Which perception theory identifies the circumstance, a stimulus, or the person as the potential cause for one's actions?

Accepted Answer

Causal attribution theory identifies the circumstance, a stimulus, or the person as the potential cause for one's actions. This theory involves observing and analyzing behavior to make inferences about the underlying causes of that behavior. It can help people understand why others behave in certain ways and can affect how they perceive and interact with them.

Question 7

When we are attempting to determine if a person's actions are caused by a circumstance, a stimulus, or a person, we are using which theory?

Accepted Answer

Causal attribution theory is the study of how people interpret and explain the causes of events or behaviors. It examines how people make judgments about the causes of behavior based on available information.

Question 8

Your friend walks past you without speaking to you.You conclude that because your friend is taking an overload of classes this semester, s/he is preoccupied and did not see you.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates how we try to explain the motives and causes of people's behavior. We are trying to understand why our friend didn't speak to us, and we come up with a potential explanation based on our knowledge of their current situation (overload of classes). This involves making inferences and drawing conclusions about our friend's behavior, which is a key aspect of attribution theory.

Question 9

________ allow us to categorize people into one or two groups of opposites.

Accepted Answer

Personal constructs are mental frameworks or categories that people use to understand and interpret the world around them. These constructs allow us to categorize people into one or two groups of opposites, such as good/bad, honest/dishonest, or kind/unkind.

Question 10

The theory that suggests that a person's social position, power, or cultural background, influences how the person perceives the behavior other others is called

Accepted Answer

Standpoint theory posits that an individual's social position, power, or cultural background can shape their perspective and understanding of the behavior of others. This theory suggests that because individuals experience the world differently based on their position in society, their interpretation of events and behaviors may differ from others.

Question 11

The specific qualities or attributes we associate with each person we know are called

Accepted Answer

Personal constructs are the specific qualities or attributes we associate with each person we know.

Question 12

When you are in heavy traffic and the car in front of you swerves to avoid something that you assume was glass, an animal, or something else in the road, which aspect of causal attribution theory are you using?

Accepted Answer

You are attributing the car's swerving to a specific situation or circumstance on the road, such as an obstacle, rather than to the driver's personality or the car itself.

Question 13

A/n ________ is a bipolar quality that we use to classify people.

Accepted Answer

A construct is a psychological concept or tool used to measure or understand behaviors, attributes, or phenomena, including the bipolar qualities (e.g., introverted vs. extroverted) we use to classify or understand people.

Question 14

When we over-attribute the qualities of another person that are obvious and superficial, we are experiencing which of the barriers to accurate perception?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When we over-attribute the qualities of another...

Question 15

The horn effect is defined as

Accepted Answer

The horn effect is a cognitive bias that refers to the tendency to attribute negative qualities to those we dislike or have a negative impression of. This can happen even if there is no evidence to support these negative attributions. It is also known as the reverse halo effect, as it is the opposite effect of the halo effect where positive qualities are attributed to those we like.

Question 16

Your friend hardly spoke at a party you both attended.You are not surprised, since you know your friend is shy.You are attributing

Accepted Answer

This attribution relates to the personality trait of your friend. Your friend's shyness is an enduring personal characteristic that influences their behavior in various social situations.

Question 17

The theory that relates to the interpretation stage of the perception process is

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory deals with how people interpret and make judgments about events and other people's behavior. This theory is particularly relevant to the interpretation stage of the perception process, as it explains how people attribute causes to behavior and events, based on internal or external factors. The other choices, implicit personality theory, correspondent inference theory, and personal constructs, do not directly relate to the interpretation stage of perception.

Question 18

Attributing to circumstance means

Accepted Answer

Attributing to circumstance means placing responsibility for an action outside of the person, such as on external factors like situational or environmental factors. This can be contrasted with attributing to a person's own choices or abilities.

Question 19

Which statement is NOT an accurate description of Standpoint theory:

Accepted Answer

Standpoint theory does not claim to provide a complete understanding of another person's actions, but rather emphasizes that our understanding of others is shaped by our own position and perspective.

Question 20

Explaining someone's behaviour as an emotional reaction to another's behaviour is attributing to

Accepted Answer

Attributing someone's behavior as an emotional reaction to another's behavior is attributing it to a stimulus, as the behavior is seen as a response to an external factor or trigger.

Quiz 3: Interpersonal Communication and Perception