Question 1

A 3-month-old infant is diagnosed with developmental hip dysplasia.The nurse knows that what is the usual treatment for an infant with this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

In infants who are more than 2 months of age,longer-term immobilization with a Pavlik harness is required.

Question 2

What occurrence results from obstruction within the ventricles of the brain or inadequate reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocephalus is characterized by an increase in cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.

Question 3

The nurse is advising parents about feeding their infant with phenylketonuria.What formula and/or diet should the nurse suggest?

Accepted Answer

A synthetic food providing enough protein for growth and tissue repair,but little phenylalanine,is substituted for natural protein foods.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for an infant with hydrocephalus.What nursing action is most important for this nurse to implement?

Accepted Answer

The child with hydrocephalus has a heavy head on a small body with poor muscle tone;the head must be supported when feeding and moving the child to prevent injury to the neck.

Question 5

Parents of a 2-month-old infant with Down syndrome are attending a well visit at the pediatric clinic.What should they be instructed to provide special attention to in regard to the generalized hypotonicity of the child?

Accepted Answer

The child with Down syndrome has generalized hypotonicity,which caused mucus accumulation and respiratory problems.

Question 6

When bathing an infant,what sign does the nurse recognize as a sign of developmental hip dysplasia?

Accepted Answer

When developmental hip dysplasia is present,the leg on the affected side will appear shorter than the leg on the unaffected side.

Question 7

Parents of a newborn with a unilateral cleft lip are concerned about having the defect repaired.The nurse explains that a child with a cleft lip usually undergoes surgical repair at which time?

Accepted Answer

A cleft lip is repaired by 3 months of age when weight gain is established and the infant is free of infection.

Question 8

Which statement indicates that parents understand how to feed their infant who had a surgical repair for a cleft lip?

Accepted Answer

The infant is fed with a dropper until the incision is completely healed about 1 to 2 weeks after surgery.

Question 9

Phototherapy is instituted for an infant.What is the most appropriate nursing action for the infant having phototherapy?

Accepted Answer

The infant's eyes are protected with patches to prevent damage from the high-intensity lights.

Question 10

An 18-month-old child had a surgical repair of a cleft palate and is now allowed to eat a regular diet.What nursing action is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

The primary concern with feeding is to protect the operative site.The child can be fed with a spoon,but only the side of the spoon is placed into the mouth at the side of the mouth.The spoon must not touch the roof of the mouth.

Question 11

Postoperative nursing care of the infant following surgical repair of a cleft lip would include:

Accepted Answer

Elbow restraints are used postoperatively to prevent the infant from damaging the operative area.

Question 12

The nurse observes that the infant's anterior fontanelle is bulging after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.How should the nurse position this infant?

Accepted Answer

If the fontanelles are bulging,the child will be positioned in a semi-Fowler's position to promote drainage from the ventricles through the shunt.

Question 13

Parents ask the nursery staff what the light does for their jaundiced infant.What is the nurse's best response?

Accepted Answer

Severe jaundice can cause kernicterus,an accumulation of bilirubin in the brain tissue,which can lead to serious brain damage.The light breaks down excess bilirubin so that it can be excreted.

Question 14

The nurse is providing education to parents of a child with cleft palate.What will the nurse instruct the parents to report immediately?

Accepted Answer

Children with cleft palate are at risk of ear infections and dental disorders.Parents should be instructed to take the child to the health care provider at the first sign of earache.

Question 15

What nursing action will the nurse implement after feeding an infant with hydrocephalus?

Accepted Answer

Because children with hydrocephalus are prone to vomiting,the child is fed and then positioned in the side-lying position in a quiet atmosphere to reduce the incidence of vomiting.

Question 16

The nurse is caring for an Rh-negative mother on the labor and birth unit.What scenario indicates this patient will require RhoGAM administration?

Accepted Answer

The only woman with antibodies against the Rh-positive infant is the Rh-negative woman who has had one Rh-positive child and is now pregnant with another.

Question 17

After delivery,a mother asks the nurse about newborn screening tests.The nurse explains that what is the optimal time for testing for phenylketonuria?

Accepted Answer

Blood tests for phenylketonuria should be obtained 48 to 72 hours after birth.The newborn will have had enough time to ingest protein through feedings,and the chance of false-negative results will be reduced.

Question 18

A newborn was just admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with a meningomyelocele.What is the priority preoperative nursing care of this newborn?

Accepted Answer

The infant is placed prone in a humidified incubator,and the sac is covered with dressings of sterile saline.The infant's hips are kept lower than the lesion,and the infant is usually not in diapers.

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a child who has had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP)for hydrocephalus and observes an increasing abdominal girth.What is the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

An increasing abdominal girth in a child with a VP shunt may be indicative of malabsorption of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)that is being shunted to the peritoneum.

Question 20

What would the nurse include when instructing parents about positioning their toddler who has just had a body spica cast applied?

Accepted Answer

The child's position must be changed frequently to relieve pressure and promote circulation.

Quiz 14: The Newborn With a Perinatal Injury or Congenital Malformation