Question 1

In the context of adult relationships,research has found that:

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found that individuals with a secure attachment style are more likely to seek support from others, including their romantic partners, when faced with stress or distress. This applies to both men and women with a secure attachment style. Option B is not supported by research, and option C is more commonly observed in individuals with an avoidant attachment style. Option D may be a possible coping strategy for some individuals, but it is not specific to those with a secure attachment style.

Question 2

Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver believe that the adult _____ relationship style is characterized by difficulty in learning to trust others.

Accepted Answer

According to Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver, the adult avoidant relationship style is characterized by difficulty in learning to trust others. The other options (secure, paranoid, ambivalent) do not align with their research findings.

Question 3

Which of the following terms does NOT describe an attachment style identified by Ainsworth?

Accepted Answer

Ainsworth identified three attachment styles: secure, avoidant, and ambivalent. "Separated" is not a recognized attachment style identified by Ainsworth.

Question 4

Responsiveness to infant crying in the early months of life was associated with _____ at 1 year of age.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Responsiveness to infant crying in the early...

Question 5

Most people who study attachment and relationship styles would agree that:

Accepted Answer

While childhood experiences can shape attachment styles, adults are capable of changing and developing new attachment styles based on their current experiences and relationships. Additionally, research suggests that positive adult relationships can have a compensatory effect on negative childhood experiences, allowing individuals to form secure attachment styles in adulthood. Option A and B are incorrect, as there is significant research linking childhood attachment styles to adult attachment styles, and individuals can work to change their attachment styles. Option D is also incorrect, as individuals with negative childhood experiences may develop avoidance or anxious attachment styles that can lead to difficulties forming deep and meaningful relationships in adulthood.

Question 6

Roberto,a toddler,is left with a stranger in a room when his mother leaves for a few minutes.He is very upset and difficult to calm in his mother's absence.When his mother returns,he approaches her but later resists by fighting against being held.According to Ainsworth and her colleagues,Roberto most likely belongs to the _____ attached group.

Accepted Answer

Roberto's behavior suggests that he is anxious and uncertain about his mother's return, but also upset when she leaves. This is characteristic of children in the ambivalent attachment group. They may seek closeness with their caregiver but also resist their contact, indicating a lack of trust in the caregiver's availability and responsiveness.

Question 7

According to Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver's research on adult relationships,which of the following is a characteristic of secure people?

Accepted Answer

According to Hazan and Shaver's research, secure people have few problems developing satisfying friendships and relationships. They do not need constant reassurance and attention, as in option B. They do not have difficulty depending on others, as in option C. And they do not become slightly dependent and demanding on their partners and friends, as in option D.

Question 8

In the strange situation procedure,ambivalently attached infants _____ when their mothers left.

Accepted Answer

In the strange situation procedure, ambivalently attached infants show anxiety and distress when their mothers leave, but they also display anger and resistance when the mothers return. This mixed reaction is due to the infants' conflicting feelings of wanting to seek comfort and support from their mothers but feeling angry and frustrated because of their inconsistent care. As a result, these infants cry more than the other attachment patterns.

Question 9

According to Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver's research on adult relationships,avoidant adults _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Hazan and Shaver's research, avoidant adults have a fear of depending on others because they anticipate being abandoned. They may struggle with developing and maintaining close relationships, and tend to keep emotional distance from others. Thus, option B is the correct answer. The other options are incorrect as they do not align with the characteristics of avoidant adults.

Question 10

John Bowlby's working models for later adult relationships are:

Accepted Answer

John Bowlby's working models for later adult relationships are based on internalized unconscious expectations about relationships that are formed during early attachment experiences with primary caregivers. These working models then shape the way individuals approach and behave in later intimate relationships.

Question 11

According to Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby (1991),mothers of _____ attached infants provide more affection and stimulation to their babies than mothers of infants in the other groups.

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby found that mothers of securely attached infants provided more affection and stimulation to their babies than mothers of infants who were avoidantly or ambivalently attached. Symbiotic attachment is not one of the attachment styles in Ainsworth's theory.

Question 12

According to a study in which participants were required to answer certain questions aimed at understanding romantic relationships,Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver found that those with an avoidant attachment style tend to:

Accepted Answer

Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver's research on attachment styles in romantic relationships found that individuals with an avoidant attachment style often shun romance and believe that real love is rare and transient.

Question 13

Frederick's girlfriend,Elizabeth,is high maintenance and seeks constant attention and reassurance.According to Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver,this scenario most likely exemplifies a(n)_____ relationship style.

Accepted Answer

Elizabeth's behavior aligns with an ambivalent attachment style, characterized by seeking constant attention and reassurance, indicating uncertainty and anxiety about the relationship's stability.

Question 14

Deidre is always suspicious of the nice things Simon does for her.She is afraid that he has an ulterior motive and is therefore afraid of committing to him.According to Cindy Hazen and Philip Shaver,this scenario most likely illustrates the adult _____ relationship style.

Accepted Answer

Deidre's suspicion and fear of committing to Simon despite his nice actions indicates that she has an avoidant attachment style in her relationship with him. This is characterized by a tendency to avoid intimacy and difficulty in trusting others.

Question 15

Who among the following developed the strange situation procedure?

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth developed the strange situation procedure, which is a standardized method for assessing attachment in young children.

Question 16

In the strange situation procedure,when do ambivalently attached infants act ambivalently?

Accepted Answer

Ambivalently attached infants tend to act ambivalently when their mother returns in the strange situation procedure. This is characterized by both seeking proximity to the mother and resisting or pushing away from her at the same time. They may also exhibit anger or frustration towards the mother when she returns, as they have developed a strategy of vigilantly monitoring their mother's availability and responding in ways that will maximize her attention and care.

Question 17

Most infants,almost 66 percent,fall into the _____ group.

Accepted Answer

According to research, almost two-thirds (66%) of infants are categorized as securely attached, which means they have a healthy attachment to their primary caregiver and feel safe exploring the environment around them. The other two attachment styles, avoidant and ambivalent, each make up roughly 15% of infants. Separation anxiety is a normal developmental stage that typically occurs between 8 and 18 months and is not considered an attachment style.

Question 18

In the strange situation procedure,it was found that the _____ infants were the happiest when their mothers returned.

Accepted Answer

In the strange situation procedure, securely attached infants were found to be the happiest when their mothers returned. These infants showed a balance between exploring the environment and seeking proximity to their caregiver, and were able to use their caregiver as a secure base for exploration. When the caregiver returned after a brief separation, these infants were happy to see them and quickly resumed exploration. Avoidantly attached infants tended to ignore their caregivers when they returned, and ambivalently attached infants were often upset and difficult to soothe when their caregivers returned. Separation anxiety is a normal and expected response to separation from a caregiver, but it is not directly related to how happy an infant is when the caregiver returns.

Question 19

According to Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver,vulnerability and uncertainty about relationships are the hallmarks of the adult _____ relationship style.

Accepted Answer

According to Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver, vulnerability and uncertainty in relationships are the defining features of the ambivalent attachment style. The other options - secure, avoidant, and defensive - do not share these defining features.

Quiz 10: Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues