Question 1

LeVay found evidence that homosexual males have a difference from heterosexual males in what area of the brain?

Accepted Answer

LeVay found evidence of a difference in the size of the hypothalamus between homosexual males and heterosexual males. Specifically, he found that a region of the hypothalamus called the anterior hypothalamus was smaller in homosexual males than in heterosexual males.

Question 2

Bulimia,unlike anorexia:

Accepted Answer

Bulimia is often difficult to detect because individuals with bulimia typically maintain a normal weight, unlike anorexia where individuals are usually underweight.

Question 3

The pursuit of an activity for external reward is called:

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity for the sake of external rewards, such as money, prizes, or recognition.

Question 4

A desire to perform a behaviour to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment is known as ______ motivation.

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation refers to the desire to perform a behavior due to external factors such as rewards or punishments. Intrinsic motivation, on the other hand, refers to the desire to perform a behavior because it is enjoyable or satisfying in itself. Primary and secondary motivation are not recognized psychological concepts.

Question 5

The theory of emotion that states that the thalamus sends sensory information to the cortex and the sympathetic organs at the same time is the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The theory that states that sensory information is sent to both the cortex and sympathetic organs at the same time is the Cannon-Bard theory. The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions are the result of physiological responses, while the Schachter-Singer theory proposes that emotions result from the combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. Facial feedback theory suggests that facial expressions can influence emotions.

Question 6

In Schachter and Singer's classic study,participants who were exposed to the "angry" man interpreted their physiological arousal as __________,whereas those who were exposed to the "happy" man interpreted their arousal as __________.

Accepted Answer

In Schachter and Singer's study, participants interpreted their physiological arousal based on the context provided by the behavior of others. Those exposed to the "angry" man interpreted their arousal as anger, while those exposed to the "happy" man interpreted it as happiness.

Question 7

To psychologists,motivation refers to:

Accepted Answer

Motivation is an inferred process within an organism that causes it to move toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation. This definition captures the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence behavior. While physical needs like food and water can be motivators, not all motivation stems from deprivation of these needs. Similarly, striving for competence and skills is one reason why an individual might become motivated, but again, it is not the only possible motivation for behavior. The hierarchy of needs (option D) is a model for understanding the different levels of motivation individuals may experience but is not a definition for motivation itself.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the three elements of emotion?

Accepted Answer

The three elements of emotion are subjective experience, behaviour, and physical reaction. Attention is not considered one of the core elements of emotion.

Question 9

Compared to the Kinsey data,the data from the Janus Report revealed the age of the first sexual experience for about 20 percent of the men and 8 percent of the women to be:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to the Kinsey data,the data from...

Question 10

In Kinsey's original data,more __________ than __________ reported having bisexual experiences.

Accepted Answer

Kinsey's original data indicated that more men than women reported having bisexual experiences.

Question 11

Which group was NOT one of the groups poorly represented in the Kinsey study?

Accepted Answer

The Kinsey study did not accurately represent people of lower socioeconomic standing, those living in rural areas, or older individuals. However, the study did include a diverse range of racial and ethnic groups, including African American and Hispanic participants. Therefore, option B, white middle class, is the group that was not poorly represented in the Kinsey study.

Question 12

The process by which activities are started,directed,and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met is called:

Accepted Answer

The definition given is that of motivation, making it the correct answer. Emotion and achievement are related to motivation, but do not encapsulate the entire process as described in the definition. Synergy refers to the interaction of multiple elements to produce a combined effect, and is not related to the process of meeting needs or wants.

Question 13

One of the main differences between anorexia and bulimia is that the anorexic:

Accepted Answer

The statement "never binges on food" distinguishes anorexia from bulimia, as binging and purging are characteristics of bulimia but not of anorexia. The other options are not specific enough to distinguish between the two disorders.

Question 14

What percentage of females diagnosed with gender identity in childhood are likely to become bisexual or homosexual in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of females diagnosed with gender...

Question 15

You overhear a psychologist presenting a lecture to an introductory psychology class.The teacher mentions "purposeful or goal-directed behaviour that may vary in intensity from one occasion to another." You recognize that he is talking about which type of behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The description provided by the teacher fits the concept of motivated behaviour, which refers to behaviour driven by a goal or purpose. This behaviour can vary in intensity depending on the circumstances, as well as on the individual's internal and external factors. Emotional behaviour refers to the expression of feelings or affect, while frustrated behaviour involves obstacles or challenges that impede goal attainment. Preconscious behaviour refers to mental processes that operate outside of awareness.

Question 16

Gerald smiles a lot at the office,which makes his co-workers feel happier too.This effect is best explained by which of the following theories of emotion?

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback theory suggests that facial expressions can influence the emotions we experience. Gerald's smiling could have a positive effect on his co-workers' emotions, making them feel happier too.

Question 17

Extrinsic motivation is defined as the pursuit of an activity:

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation is driven by external factors such as rewards, praise, or recognition. Therefore, pursuing an activity for external reward is the best choice that defines extrinsic motivation.

Question 18

In the __________ theory of emotion,the most important aspect of an emotional experience is the interpretation,or appraisal,of the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive-mediational theory of emotion suggests that our interpretation or appraisal of a stimulus is the most important aspect of our emotional experience. This theory posits that before an emotional response is generated, an individual undergoes a cognitive appraisal process in which they interpret the event and assign meaning to it. This interpretation then leads to a specific emotional response.

Question 19

The first scientifically based survey of human sexual behaviour was designed and carried out by:

Accepted Answer

The first scientifically based survey of human sexual behaviour was designed and carried out by zoologist Alfred Kinsey in the late 1940s and early 1950s. He pioneered the collection of empirical data on sexual behaviour through surveys and interviews, and his research revolutionized the study of human sexuality.

Question 20

An example of a situation that could cause intracellular thirst is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of a situation that could...

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion