Question 1

Susie is participating in research that assesses the strength of her bond with her partner.As part of this research,she is asked,"All things considered,how attractive are the people other than your partner with whom you could become involved?" Which element of the commitment model of relationships is this question measuring?
A) rewards
B) alternative partners
C) investments
D) satisfaction

Accepted Answer

The question is assessing the participant's assessment of alternative partners, which is one of the three elements of the commitment model of relationships. The other elements are rewards and investments, which are not addressed in this question. Satisfaction is a related but distinct concept, and not directly measured by this question.

Question 2

According to ________,people have a tendency to like things when they are exposed to them more often.
A) functional distance
B) mere exposure effect
C) exchange theory
D) classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect, also known as the familiarity principle, refers to the tendency of people to develop a preference for things simply because they have been exposed to them repeatedly. This phenomenon has been observed in various domains, including advertising, music, and interpersonal attraction.

Question 3

Neuroimaging studies have found that a person who is in the throes of intense love and looks at a photograph of his or her partner will show increased activation in the ________ and deactivation in the ________.
A) amygdala (threat); ventral striatum (reward)
B) ventral striatum (reward); amygdala (threat)
C) amygdala (threat); hippocampus (memory)
D) ventral striatum (reward); hippocampus (memory)

Accepted Answer

Neuroimaging studies have consistently shown that the ventral striatum, a brain region involved in the processing of rewards and pleasure, is activated when someone is in love and looks at a photograph of their partner. On the other hand, the amygdala, a brain region involved in processing threats and negative emotions, shows decreased activity in response to a loved one's photograph. This pattern of brain activation suggests that love is indeed associated with positive feelings and rewards, and decreases negative emotions and threat processing in the brain.

Question 4

Some historians believe that the idea that romantic love should precede marriage
A) results in transactional marriages.
B) is not a recipe for long-term marital satisfaction.
C) has a long history in Western culture.
D) is relatively recent, emerging only in the past five hundred years or so.

Accepted Answer

Some historians believe that the idea that romantic love should precede marriage is relatively recent, emerging only in the past five hundred years or so. Prior to this, marriages were often arranged for economic or political reasons, rather than for love.

Question 5

Rusbult's investment model of commitment holds that three factors determine how committed people will be to their relationship.These factors are
A) passion, rewards, and investment.
B) satisfaction, alternatives, and investment.
C) companionship, passion, and intimacy.
D) rewards, alternatives, and passion.

Accepted Answer

Rusbult's investment model of commitment holds that satisfaction, alternatives, and investment are the three factors that determine how committed people will be to their relationship. Satisfaction refers to the level of enjoyment and fulfillment someone gets from their relationship, alternatives refer to the availability and attractiveness of other potential partners, and investment refers to the resources (such as time, energy, and emotions) that someone has put into their relationship.

Question 6

Stefani and Joseph,a married couple,are displaying several of the four harmful relationship behaviors identified by Gottman and Levenson (1983,1992,1999).Which of these behaviors is the strongest predictor of a future divorce between Stefani and Joseph?
A) contempt
B) criticism
C) stonewalling
D) defensiveness

Accepted Answer

Contempt, which includes sarcasm, name-calling, eye-rolling, and mocking, is considered the strongest predictor of divorce as it shows a lack of respect and admiration for one's partner. It goes beyond just expressing frustration or dissatisfaction and can lead to feelings of disgust and hostility towards one's partner. Therefore, if Stefani and Joseph exhibit contempt towards each other, their marriage is at a higher risk of ending in divorce.

Question 7

Identified by John Gottman and Robert Levenson (1999),the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse refer to
A) global values and attitudes that predict divorce rates.
B) personality traits that predict infidelity.
C) interpersonal behaviors that predict relationship problems.
D) demographic characteristics that predict infidelity.

Accepted Answer

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and stonewalling) are types of interpersonal behaviors that have been shown to predict relationship problems and even divorce. They are not global values or attitudes, personality traits, or demographic characteristics.

Question 8

Happier couples tend to attribute their partners' positive behaviors to
A) unstable causes that are specific, unintended, and selfish.
B) stable causes that are general, unintended, and selfless.
C) unstable causes that are general, unintended, and selfless.
D) stable causes that are general, intended, and selfless.

Accepted Answer

Happier couples tend to attribute their partners' positive behaviors to stable causes that are general, intended, and selfless. This means that they believe their partner's positive behavior is a reflection of who they are as a person, not just an isolated action, and that the behavior was done with good intentions and without any ulterior motives. This helps to build trust and increases feelings of love and appreciation in the relationship.

Question 9

Shira comes home from work and tells her husband that she just got promoted.Her husband responds with enthusiasm and asks her questions about her new position.His behavior is an example of
A) attribution.
B) anxious attachment.
C) capitalization.
D) idealization.

Accepted Answer

Shira's husband is exhibiting capitalization, meaning he is actively engaging with and encouraging Shira's positive news and accomplishments.

Question 10

In a study conducted by Aron and his colleagues (2000),married couples engaged in one of two tasks: either they were tied together with Velcro and required to move a soft ball positioned between their heads across a long mat,or they each had to push a ball on their own across the mat with a stick.Couples in the first condition reported higher marital satisfaction after completing the task compared to couples in the second condition.How did the researchers interpret these results?
A) The first task encouraged participants to capitalize on the good in their relationship.
B) The first task made couples physically closer, which led them to feel psychologically closer.
C) The first task was more arousing, leading to a misattribution of arousal to feelings about one's partner.
D) The first task was more challenging, leading couples to feel more pride after completing it.

Accepted Answer

The researchers interpreted the results as the first task being more arousing, which led to a misattribution of arousal to feelings about one's partner, thereby increasing marital satisfaction.

Question 11

Peggy is a generally neurotic person.According to research discussed in the textbook,Peggy is particularly
A) likely to experience relationship problems.
B) likely to get married.
C) unlikely to have strong reactions to conflict.
D) likely to come from a lower socioeconomic status background.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people who score high on measures of neuroticism tend to have more relationship problems, including conflict and dissatisfaction with their partner.

Question 12

Larry suspects that his girlfriend wants to break up with him.Being a rather mean-spirited fellow,Larry tells his girlfriend that if she breaks up with him,she will be alone and will never find another boyfriend.To manipulate his girlfriend,Larry is drawing his girlfriend's attention to the ________ component of Rusbult and colleagues' (1980,1983,2012)investment model of commitment.
A) investment
B) alternative partners
C) rewards
D) passion

Accepted Answer

Larry is drawing his girlfriend's attention to the alternative partners component of the investment model. This component refers to the perceived availability and attractiveness of alternative partners, and it is negatively related to commitment. By telling his girlfriend that she will never find another boyfriend, Larry is trying to increase the perceived costs of breaking up with him and therefore decrease the likelihood of her leaving him.

Question 13

Tamara has been married to Josh for seven years.They have three children,own a house together,and have many mutual friends.According to the investment model of commitment,Tamara may be hesitant to end her marriage,even if she is dissatisfied,because of
A) her idealization of her partner.
B) the availability of potential alternative partners.
C) the magnitude of her investment.
D) her belief that divorce is immoral.

Accepted Answer

The investment model of commitment suggests that people are more likely to stay in a relationship if they have made significant investments, such as having children or owning property together. As Tamara and Josh have three children and own a house together, Tamara's investment in the relationship is significant, making her hesitant to end the marriage even if she is dissatisfied. Idealization of the partner, the availability of potential alternative partners, and beliefs about the morality of divorce may also influence commitment, but they are not mentioned in the scenario as factors that would influence Tamara's commitment in this case.

Question 14

Which of the following people is likely to have relatively higher marital dissatisfaction?
A) Juan, who has high self-esteem and grew up in an upper middle class family.
B) Edward, who has low self-esteem and is of lower socioeconomic status.
C) Brandon, who has low self-esteem and is of higher socioeconomic status.
D) George, who has high self-esteem and is of lower socioeconomic status.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with low self-esteem often face challenges in relationships due to negative self-perception and may struggle with communication and trust, leading to higher marital dissatisfaction. Socioeconomic status can add stress but is less directly linked to marital satisfaction than self-esteem.

Question 15

A study conducted by Newcomb measured students' liking of their housemates over the course of 15 weeks.The evidence that came from this study found that,not only did liking increase over time,but it was also related to
A) similarities between the housemates.
B) positioning of the housemates' rooms in the house.
C) the amount of time spent with one another.
D) opposing personalities coming together.

Accepted Answer

The study found that liking increased over time and was related to similarities between the housemates, as people tend to be more attracted to those who are similar to them.

Question 16

Research conducted by Gottman and Levenson (1983,2992,1999)using the interaction dynamics approach yielded four behaviors that are particularly toxic to relationships.Which of the following is NOT one of these four behaviors?
A) stonewalling
B) contempt
C) defensiveness
D) rationalizing

Accepted Answer

The four behaviors identified by Gottman and Levenson (1983, 1992, 1999) as particularly toxic to relationships are stonewalling, contempt, defensiveness, and criticism. Rationalizing is not one of these behaviors.

Question 17

According to the textbook,there are three main predictors of attraction.Which of the following is NOT one of these three predictors?
A) similarity
B) physical attractiveness
C) attachment
D) proximity

Accepted Answer

The three main predictors of attraction, as stated in the textbook, are similarity, physical attractiveness, and proximity. Attachment is not listed as one of the main predictors.

Question 18

According to the textbook,love can be broken down into three broad categories.Which of the following is NOT one of the categories discussed in the text?
A) compassionate
B) romantic
C) companionate
D) fatuous

Accepted Answer

The three categories of love discussed in the text are compassionate, romantic, and companionate. Fatuous love is not included in the categories discussed in the text.

Question 19

Kareem tends to idealize his husband,which means that he
A) underestimates his husband's virtues.
B) accurately perceives his husband's virtues and faults.
C) overestimates his husband's virtues and underestimates his faults.
D) overestimates his husband's virtues and accurately perceives his faults.

Accepted Answer

Idealizing someone means seeing them as having only positive traits and downplaying or ignoring their negative traits. Therefore, Kareem overestimates his husband's virtues and underestimates his faults.

Question 20

According to research by Gottman and Robert,(1983,1992,1999),________,which involves looking down on another person,is particularly likely to undermine relationships.
A) contempt
B) denial
C) criticism
D) stonewalling

Accepted Answer

According to the research of Gottman and Robert, contempt, which involves looking down on another person, is particularly likely to undermine relationships.

Quiz 10: Relationships and Attraction

According to ________,people have a tendency to like things when they are exposed to them more often.

Neuroimaging studies have found that a person who is in the throes of intense love and looks at a photograph of his or her partner will show increased activation in the and deactivation in the .

Some historians believe that the idea that romantic love should precede marriage

Rusbult's investment model of commitment holds that three factors determine how committed people will be to their relationship.These factors are

Stefani and Joseph,a married couple,are displaying several of the four harmful relationship behaviors identified by Gottman and Levenson (1983,1992,1999) .Which of these behaviors is the strongest predictor of a future divorce between Stefani and Joseph?

Identified by John Gottman and Robert Levenson (1999) ,the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse refer to

Happier couples tend to attribute their partners' positive behaviors to

Shira comes home from work and tells her husband that she just got promoted.Her husband responds with enthusiasm and asks her questions about her new position.His behavior is an example of

Peggy is a generally neurotic person.According to research discussed in the textbook,Peggy is particularly

Tamara has been married to Josh for seven years.They have three children,own a house together,and have many mutual friends.According to the investment model of commitment,Tamara may be hesitant to end her marriage,even if she is dissatisfied,because of

Which of the following people is likely to have relatively higher marital dissatisfaction?

A study conducted by Newcomb measured students' liking of their housemates over the course of 15 weeks.The evidence that came from this study found that,not only did liking increase over time,but it was also related to

Research conducted by Gottman and Levenson (1983,2992,1999) using the interaction dynamics approach yielded four behaviors that are particularly toxic to relationships.Which of the following is NOT one of these four behaviors?

According to the textbook,there are three main predictors of attraction.Which of the following is NOT one of these three predictors?

According to the textbook,love can be broken down into three broad categories.Which of the following is NOT one of the categories discussed in the text?

Kareem tends to idealize his husband,which means that he

According to research by Gottman and Robert,(1983,1992,1999) ,________,which involves looking down on another person,is particularly likely to undermine relationships.