Question 1

Which of the following institutions affects delinquency when it binds its adherents to a moral community in which the teachings of this institution are salient and consistently reinforced?

Accepted Answer

Religion, when it binds its adherents to a moral community and reinforces its teachings consistently, has been shown to have a significant impact on reducing delinquency rates. Studies have found that youths who regularly attend religious services and have a strong attachment to their religion are less likely to engage in risky behaviors and criminal activities.

Question 2

Which of these did Patterson conclude was the most important factor for reducing problem behaviours among children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these did Patterson conclude was...

Question 3

Which of the following is a criticism of social control theory?

Accepted Answer

Social control theory does not take into account social and economic inequalities and how they can contribute to criminal behavior. It overlooks the structural factors that can have an impact on crime.

Question 4

Which of the following approaches to parental supervision and discipline of children is likely to be most successful in preventing delinquency?

Accepted Answer

Strict supervision helps to monitor the child's behavior and prevent them from engaging in delinquent activities. However, too much punishment can lead to resentment and rebellious behavior. Moderate punishment provides clear consequences for delinquent behavior while still maintaining positive parent-child relationships. This balance is likely to be the most effective in preventing delinquency.

Question 5

Theories and research documented in Chapter 14 suggest that several aspects of family relationships are related to delinquency.Within this context,which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

Punitive forms of discipline within a family are actually associated with high rates of delinquency. Research has shown that consistent, authoritative discipline that balances warmth and control is associated with lower rates of delinquency.

Question 6

From a control perspective,the Watergate scandal can be largely explained as the result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The Watergate scandal can be largely explained as the result of a lack of belief that such acts were wrong. The individuals involved in the scandal believed that they were justified in their actions and did not see anything inherently wrong with breaking into the Democratic National Committee headquarters and engaging in other illegal activities. This lack of ethical belief and moral compass ultimately led to their downfall.

Question 7

According to research,which of these family variables is strongly associated with delinquency?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that harsh discipline, such as physical punishment or yelling, is strongly associated with delinquent behavior in children and adolescents. It can lead to feelings of anger, resentment, and rebellion, which may result in acting out or engaging in delinquent acts. While parental supervision, role modelling, and disapproval of unwanted behavior are all important family variables, they are not as strongly associated with delinquency as harsh discipline.

Question 8

Linden and colleagues' attempt to explain the role of delinquent peers incorporates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Linden and colleagues' attempt to explain the...

Question 9

With which of these approaches can control theory be combined to explain how social forces have created poverty and inequality among Canada's Aboriginal people?

Accepted Answer

The conflict approach focuses on power dynamics and how the dominant group maintains power over minority groups. Combining this with control theory can help explain how social forces, such as systemic discrimination and unequal access to resources, have contributed to poverty and inequality among Canada's Aboriginal people.

Question 10

According to Anderson's study,"street-oriented" parenting is characterized by all of the following except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Anderson's study on "street-oriented" parenting does not characterize it by explaining to children why they are being punished. This approach typically involves more punitive measures without necessarily providing explanations or reasoning behind the punishments.

Question 11

When control theory is combined with differential association theory,the first step in delinquency involvement entails which of the following?

Accepted Answer

According to control theory, strong conventional social bonds, such as those formed with family or school, serve as a protective factor against delinquent behavior. However, when combined with differential association theory, which suggests that individuals learn delinquent behavior from their peer groups through social interaction, weak conventional social bonds make it easier for individuals to become involved in delinquent behavior.

Question 12

Which of the following did Manitoba's Aboriginal Justice Inquiry blame for the high crime rates among aboriginal people that are themselves the result of despair,dependency,anger frustration and a sense of injustice?

Accepted Answer

The Aboriginal Justice Inquiry blamed cultural and community breakdown for the high crime rates among aboriginal people that are themselves the result of despair, dependency, anger, frustration, and a sense of injustice. This breakdown compromises aboriginal people's self-identity and leads to a lack of respect for authority and the legal system. The breakdown is a result of the loss of cultural continuity, economic deprivation, and social dislocation, which have been caused by colonial oppression and paternalistic policies.

Question 13

According to longitudinal research involving children at the Stanford University nursery,which of the following characterizes the children who ate the marshmallows right away instead of eating them later?

Accepted Answer

They had fewer behavioural problems.

Question 14

Which of the following is the critique of social control theories by critical criminologists?

Accepted Answer

Critical criminologists argue that social control theories do not adequately address the larger structural inequalities and power dynamics that contribute to criminal behavior. They believe that factors such as poverty, racism, and unequal distribution of resources must be taken into account in understanding crime, and that social control theories overlook these important social and economic factors.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of the correlation between school failure and delinquency?

Accepted Answer

Studies consistently show that there is a positive and strong correlation between school failure and delinquency, indicating that individuals who experience academic struggles are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior.

Question 16

Theories and research presented in Chapter 14 suggest that the school is of primary importance in socializing young people and is an important determinant of delinquency.Within this context,which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that although school failure and struggles can contribute to delinquent behavior in the short-term, the long-term effect of school failure on one's career success is a much stronger predictor of delinquency. Therefore, statement B is false as it suggests that daily problems of coping with school failure have a greater impact on delinquency than eventual career success.

Question 17

Which of the following statements best represents why schools are important institutions in the context of Hirschi's social bonds?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements best represents...

Question 18

According to Stark and colleagues,when does religion have an effect on criminal behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Religion affects criminal behavior when it binds people into a moral community, as this communal aspect fosters shared values and norms that can discourage criminal activity.

Question 19

Gas sniffing among young Mushuau Innu children from the Davis Inlet is largely attributed to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Relocating the entire community on three occasions disrupted the traditional way of life and led to social and economic problems, including gas sniffing.

Question 20

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime which of the following is most responsible for low self-control in people?

Accepted Answer

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime, poor relationships with parents and/or poor parenting is most responsible for low self-control in people. They argue that parents who fail to monitor and discipline their children effectively are more likely to produce children with low self-control, which makes them more prone to criminal behavior.

Quiz 14: Social Control Theory