Question 1

A person has been vaccinated against measles. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

The person has been vaccinated, which means they have received an artificial form of immunity. This immunity was obtained actively (as opposed to passively), meaning the person's own immune system was stimulated to create the immunity. Therefore, the answer is active artificial.

Question 2

A person who was diagnosed with an infection is prescribed the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (Eryc). Which of the following should the nurse instruct the person about taking this medication? Take the medication:

Accepted Answer

Erythromycin should be taken on an empty stomach, as taking it with food can decrease its absorption and effectiveness. Taking it with a full glass of juice or milk can also interfere with its absorption. Taking it immediately after eating may not give enough time for the stomach to empty, so it is still best taken on an empty stomach.

Question 3

A person with a compromised immune system is admitted to the hospital with an infection. Which of the following will most likely be done to help this person?

Accepted Answer

Utilizing isolation techniques is crucial for protecting a person with a compromised immune system from further infection, especially in a hospital setting where they are exposed to various pathogens.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a person who is requiring airborne precautions. Which of the following should the nurse wear when providing care to this person?

Accepted Answer

Airborne precautions require the use of respiratory protection to prevent airborne spread of infectious agents. P2 respirators are the recommended type of respiratory protection for healthcare workers who may come in contact with these types of patients. Gowns, gloves, shoe coverings, and head coverings may also be used, but respiratory protection is the most important measure to prevent transmission of airborne pathogens.

Question 5

A person wants to know why he developed an infection after being cut on the leg with a piece of wood, but his friend who was also cut did not become infected. Which of the following can the nurse explain to this person?

Accepted Answer

Different people have different susceptibilities to infections. The organism found the person in this scenario more susceptible to the creation of an infection, hence why they developed an infection after being cut on the leg with a piece of wood while their friend did not. Option A is incorrect as there is no evidence of an autoimmune disorder. Option B is incorrect as it is not necessarily true that their friend will eventually get an infection. Option D is also incorrect as it is based on assumptions and not supported by evidence.

Question 6

An older adult with a history of lung disease had a pneumococcal vaccination 10 years ago. Which of the following should be done for this person?

Accepted Answer

The recommended interval for a pneumococcal vaccination booster for high-risk individuals is 5 years. Since the person has a history of lung disease, they are considered high-risk and should be offered a booster during this visit. Reminding the person that they will need a booster in the future (A) is correct, but offering the booster during the visit is more appropriate. Collecting a blood sample to test for antibody levels (B) is not necessary since the history of lung disease alone is enough to warrant a booster. Reminding the person that they do not need a flu vaccination (D) is incorrect and unrelated to the question.

Question 7

One school district is not enforcing vaccinations for children who are starting school. What could be the result of this action?

Accepted Answer

Not enforcing vaccinations puts children at risk for preventable illnesses, leading to a potential outbreak of a vaccine-preventable disease, which can cost lives, lead to hospitalization, and create a public health crisis.

Question 8

A person asks the nurse how long it will be before a leg wound heals. The nurse realises that healing occurs in three phases. What are these phases? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person asks the nurse how long...

Question 9

A person recovering from an infection has a reduced appetite. Which of the following nutrients is of utmost importance for this person to ingest to support the healing process?

Accepted Answer

Protein is essential for the healing process as it helps to repair tissues and build new cells, which is necessary for the body to recover from an infection. Without enough protein, the body may break down muscle tissue for energy, which can impede the healing process. While complex carbohydrates, vitamins, and fats are also important for overall health, they are not as crucial as protein for recovery from infection.

Question 10

A person has elevated blood levels of immunoglobulin IgM. What does this suggest to the nurse? The person is:

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood levels of immunoglobulin IgM suggest that the person is in the early stages of an infection. IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection and its levels peak during the early stages of the infection.

Question 11

The nurse is assessing a person's arm for inflammation. What are cardinal signs of a localised inflammatory process? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is assessing a person's arm...

Question 12

The nurse is caring for a person recovering from abdominal surgery. The person asks the nurse why the incentive spirometry must be used. Which of the following can be provided as an explanation to the person for the use of this device?

Accepted Answer

Incentive spirometry helps prevent the development of pneumonia after abdominal surgery by promoting deep breathing, increasing lung volume and preventing atelectasis (collapse of lung tissues).

Question 13

A person with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)is no longer responding to the medication vancomycin. What is this person most likely demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) is a type of MRSA that displays decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. This means that the person is no longer responding to vancomycin therapy, indicating that they may have VISA. VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus) refers to a different type of bacteria that is resistant to vancomycin, but it is not MRSA. MDR-TB (multi-drug resistant tuberculosis) and ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) are also types of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but they are not related to MRSA or vancomycin.

Question 14

A person asks the nurse, 'What's going to happen to me now that my spleen is gone?' What is an appropriate nursing response?

Accepted Answer

The spleen is involved in filtering and removing old or damaged red blood cells, as well as producing white blood cells to fight infection. However, the liver and bone marrow can take on these functions after the spleen is removed. This response provides accurate and reassuring information. Option B only addresses infection and is not a complete answer. Option C is inaccurate and dismissive. Option D is unrelated to the question.

Question 15

A person who is demonstrating an inflammatory response is prescribed a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The nurse realises that this medication will result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are responsible for causing pain, inflammation, and fever. By inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, NSAIDs reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. NSAIDs do not increase the flow of serous exudate, reduce the production of leukotrienes, or increase the production of histamine.

Question 16

A person who has never experienced a reaction to a bee sting comes into the emergency department with intense oedema and redness at the site of the sting. The nurse realises that this person is demonstrating which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The person is demonstrating an allergic reaction to the bee sting, which involves the mobilisation of lymphocytic memory T cells, leading to the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. This causes the intense oedema and redness at the site of the sting. The other options (circulation of eosinophils, increased production of monocytes, activation of basophils) are not specifically related to an allergic reaction to a bee sting.

Question 17

A person is having skin testing done to assess for allergies. What would be evidence of exposure to an antigen?

Accepted Answer

An area of greater than 10 mm of induration and erythema indicates a significant reaction, suggesting exposure to the antigen and a possible allergy.

Question 18

The nurse is caring for a person who has decreased neutrophils on their full blood count. This suggests to the nurse that the person:

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that are important in fighting bacterial infections. Decreased neutrophil count may indicate bone marrow depression or neutropenia, which can increase the person's risk of developing bacterial infections. Allergic reactions, fungal infections or parasitic worm infections typically do not affect neutrophil counts.

Question 19

A person who received a vaccination 2 weeks prior returns to the clinic with a wound at the inoculation site. What has happened? The person is:

Accepted Answer

The person is most likely experiencing a severe localized reaction to the inoculation known as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, which can occur up to two weeks after the vaccination. This type of reaction is not uncommon and can cause redness, swelling, and pain at the injection site. It is essential to rule out any signs of infection or other serious reactions, but in most cases, the symptoms will subside with time.

Quiz 11: Nursing Care of People With Infections