Question 1

Humans are most effective at peace-making when they______.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

Which of the following "tit-for-tat" elements keeps you from "getting into unnecessary trouble?"

Accepted Answer

Niceness in the "tit-for-tat" strategy means starting with a cooperative stance and reciprocating based on the other party's previous behavior. Being nice at the outset can prevent unnecessary conflicts from arising.

Question 3

After a violent and illegal act, a community unites and makes repeated, public statements condoning the act. What does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

What does the restorative justice method allow?

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on repairing the harm caused by crime and restoring relationships between victims and offenders, rather than solely on punishment.

Question 5

Melinda loaned her sister money. Her sister never paid her back. Rather than ruining the relationship, she told her sister it was okay, but privately still held a grudge. She also vowed never to loan her money again. Which of the following has Melinda accomplished?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Melinda loaned her sister money. Her sister...

Question 6

Which was one of three points made my James Cameron regarding forgiveness and reconciliation?

Accepted Answer

James Cameron discussed the importance of telling one's group's story as a way to promote forgiveness and reconciliation. By sharing the history and experiences of a group, others can better understand their perspective and work towards healing and understanding. Forgiving and forgetting, upholding unjust laws, and seeking retribution for wrongs were not points made by Cameron in regards to forgiveness and reconciliation.

Question 7

In Axelrod's experiments, which strategy was the most successful for winning the prisoner's scenario?

Accepted Answer

Axelrod's experiments and subsequent simulations showed that the tit for tat strategy was the most successful for winning the prisoner's dilemma scenario. This strategy involves starting out by cooperating and then simply copying the other player's previous move (cooperate or defect) in subsequent rounds. This encourages cooperation from the other player and avoids getting stuck in a pattern of mutual defection.

Question 8

Which of the following refers to a social process that leads to a friendly reunion between former opponents?

Accepted Answer

Reconciliation refers to a social process that leads to a friendly reunion between former opponents. Option A, decisional forgiveness, refers to a cognitive decision to forgive someone, and option B, emotional forgiveness, refers to the emotional process of letting go of negative feelings towards someone. Option C, hostility, is the opposite of reconciliation and refers to negative feelings and attitudes towards someone.

Question 9

Some research shows storytelling helps victims of trauma by______.

Accepted Answer

Validating their experience is the correct answer because storytelling can help victims of trauma to feel heard and understood, which can help them to process their experience and begin to heal.

Question 10

Science indicates that we are more likely to reduce discrimination by ______.

Accepted Answer

Science suggests that reducing discrimination can be achieved through promoting empathy and understanding between different groups. By telling one's own story and listening to the stories of others, individuals can develop a greater sense of compassion and perspective, which can lead to reduced prejudice and discrimination. Retribution, avoiding unjust laws, and forgiving and forgetting are unlikely to be effective strategies for reducing discrimination.

Question 11

A study of Sudanese refugees noted that which of the following helped reduce the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder?

Accepted Answer

Knowing and telling one's story helps individuals process traumatic events, which can reduce the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder by providing a sense of catharsis and helping individuals make sense of their experiences.

Question 12

Which of the following refers to a change in a person's behavioral intentions toward a transgressor?

Accepted Answer

Decisional forgiveness refers to a person's choice to let go of feelings of anger and revenge toward a transgressor, even if they still feel hurt by the transgression. It does not necessarily involve a change in emotional state or reconciliation with the transgressor.

Question 13

Putting laws into place and enforcing them establishes ______ that thwart discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Putting laws into place and enforcing them...

Question 14

A Japanese American who was held in an American internment camp during World War II is an advocate for peace and spends his time collecting money for and running an art gallery with works that remember the time he spent in the internment camp. What does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

This exemplifies forgiving without forgetting, as the individual is focusing on peace and remembrance rather than seeking retribution or solely justice.

Question 15

In ancient times, a punishment for stealing may have been that one's hand was cut off. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of retributive justice, where punishment is given as a consequence of a wrongdoing or crime committed.

Question 16

Which of the following refers to a replacement of negative feelings with positive, other-oriented feelings?

Accepted Answer

Emotional forgiveness refers to a replacement of negative feelings with positive, other-oriented feelings. Decisional forgiveness, on the other hand, refers to making a conscious choice to forgive someone without necessarily experiencing a change in emotions. Hostility refers to negative feelings and attitudes towards someone, while reconciliation refers to the restoration of a damaged relationship.

Question 17

Which of the following describes the shadow of the future?

Accepted Answer

The shadow of the future refers to the idea that thoughts and predictions about future events can influence the decisions and actions made in the present. This can include considerations of potential rewards or punishments based on current actions. A, C, and D are all related to consequences or actions, but do not specifically relate to the influence of the future on present decisions.

Question 18

Which of the following refers to an internal process that has an offender in mind and leads to prosocial change following a transgression?

Accepted Answer

Forgiveness refers to the internal process of letting go of anger and resentment towards an offender and can lead to prosocial change for both the offender and the victim. Option A) forgetfulness has nothing to do with prosocial change, option C) reconciliation involves both parties coming to an agreement and making amends rather than just the offender, and option D) hostility is actually the opposite of prosocial change.

Question 19

Something that tempts someone to choose personal gain by behaving in a way that would be harmful if everyone else behaved the same way is referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A game-designed social dilemma is a situation where individual self-interest conflicts with the collective interest of a group. It is designed to tempt individuals to choose personal gain, even if it is harmful if everyone else follows the same path. This is often used in behavioral economics to understand how people make decisions and behave in social situations. The Prisoner's Dilemma and Tit for Tat Strategy are specific examples of game-designed social dilemmas, but they do not encompass the broader concept.

Question 20

To Kill A Mockingbird created a shared ______ that reversed the public spectacles of lynchings.

Accepted Answer

To Kill A Mockingbird created a shared social awareness that reversed the public spectacles of lynchings. The novel brought attention to the injustices of racism and challenged the social norm of segregation in the United States. While laws played a role in the Civil Rights Movement, it was primarily through social awareness that change was achieved. Values are also important, but in this instance, social awareness was the most prominent result of the novel's impact.

Quiz 22: Social Psychology and Forgiveness