Question 1

Which term refers to the finding that the context or the environment frames thoughts and therefore both value and meaning?

Accepted Answer

The term that refers to the finding that the context or the environment frames thoughts is "priming". Priming is an effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus. It is a concept that has been widely studied in psychology and has been shown to have a significant impact on our behavior, attitudes and beliefs. In the context of this question, priming refers to the influence that the context or environment has on the way we think about things, as well as the value and meaning that we attach to them.

Question 2

Carly is trying to recall a mathematical equation so she can solve a problem on her math test. What is the process by which the equation is transferred back into Carly's workbench memory for additional processing?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is the process by which stored information, such as a mathematical equation, is brought back into working memory for additional processing or use. Encoding refers to the initial process of acquiring, processing, and transforming new information into a form that can be stored in memory. Decoding refers to the process of interpreting or making sense of information that has been received or perceived. Framing refers to the way in which information is presented or contextualized, which can influence how it is interpreted and remembered.

Question 3

When someone approaches another person and says, "I have some bad news," the person likely expects to hear something upsetting. What does the statement "I have some bad news" do to the recipient?

Accepted Answer

The statement "I have some bad news" primes the recipient by preparing them for negative information. It sets an expectation that what follows will not be positive, and therefore can affect the recipient's emotional response.

Question 4

Most accountants tend to be linear thinkers and verbal processors. Which brain dominance does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Linear thinking and verbal processing are characteristic of left-brain dominance.

Question 5

For approximately how many seconds may stimuli that enter short-term memory stay there without some intervention?

Accepted Answer

According to research, stimuli can stay in short-term memory for around 20-30 seconds without any intervention. Therefore, the best choice is B, which is 30 seconds.

Question 6

Erin is a very talented artist who tends to be a visual processor. However, she has problems with verbal processing. Which brain dominance best describes Erin?

Accepted Answer

The right-brain is associated with visual processing, creativity, and artistic abilities. Erin's strengths in visual processing align with this dominance. Additionally, her difficulty with verbal processing suggests a weaker left-brain dominance, which is typically associated with verbal communication and logical reasoning.

Question 7

Someone tells you a phone number, and you whisper it to yourself so you will remember it long enough to call the number. What are you using?

Accepted Answer

Whispering the phone number to oneself is an example of using working memory, which is responsible for holding and manipulating information temporarily. Long-term memory is for retaining information over a longer period of time, sensory memory is for brief retention of sensory information, and iconic memory specifically refers to visual sensory memory.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT considered a memory storage area in the multiple store theory of memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT considered...

Question 9

In which of the following is the meaning of something influenced by the information environment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which of the following is the...

Question 10

Which term refers to the process by which information is transferred from workbench memory to long-term memory for permanent storage?

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process by which information is transferred from workbench memory (short-term memory) to long-term memory for permanent storage. Filing refers to organizing information for easy retrieval, categorizing refers to grouping information based on similarities, and capacitating is not a term related to memory processing.

Question 11

What is the process by which information is transferred back into workbench memory for additional processing when needed?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is the process of accessing and recovering stored information from memory for additional processing when needed.

Question 12

Which theory hypothesizes that the way in which information is framed differentially affects risk assessments and any associated consumer decisions?

Accepted Answer

Prospect theory suggests that the framing effect can influence how people perceive risk and make decisions. The theory explains that people tend to be risk-averse when options are presented in a positive frame (e.g. 90% survival rate), but risk-seeking when presented in a negative frame (e.g. 10% mortality rate).

Question 13

A glass filled halfway can be presented as "half-full" or "half-empty." What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of framing, which is the way that information is presented or framed in order to influence people's perceptions or decisions. The choice of whether to see the glass as half-full or half-empty is a framing effect that can influence how someone feels about a situation.

Question 14

Which statement best describes sensory memory?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is a type of memory that holds sensory information for a brief moment in time, typically less than a second. It has a very limited duration and is very perishable. Information in sensory memory is not always encoded with semantic coding, and consumers do not need to allocate attention for it to be activated.

Question 15

In which area in memory are the things encountered with any of the five human senses stored?

Accepted Answer

The area in memory where things encountered with any of the five human senses are stored is called sensory memory. This type of memory holds onto sensory information for a very short period of time (e.g. a few seconds) before it is either transferred to long-term memory or forgotten. Therefore, choice B, sensory, is the correct answer.

Question 16

How many units of information generally represent the capacity limit for workbench memory?

Accepted Answer

The capacity limit for workbench memory, often referred to as working memory, is generally considered to be between three and seven units of information, according to cognitive psychology research.

Question 17

Which statement best describes workbench memory?

Accepted Answer

Workbench memory expands when a consumer is more involved.

Question 18

An elementary school teacher told her students to think of "Roy G. Biv" to remember the colours of a rainbow in the correct order (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet). What is the process by which this information is transferred to long-term memory through this technique?

Accepted Answer

The process by which information is initially recorded in a form usable to memory is encoding. The teacher's use of the mnemonic device "Roy G. Biv" is a form of encoding that helps the students remember the colors of the rainbow in the correct order. This information can then be transferred to long-term memory through repetition and practice. Retrieval refers to the process by which we access and recall information from long-term memory, whereas capacitating and enabling are not recognized psychological terms.

Question 19

Where is information stored and encoded for placement in long-term memory and, eventually, retrieved for future use?

Accepted Answer

Information is stored and encoded in working memory before being transferred to long-term memory for future retrieval. Sensory memory refers to the initial processing of sensory information, while echoic memory specifically refers to auditory sensory memory. Left-brain memory is not a recognized category of memory storage.

Question 20

Which of the following describes information intensity?

Accepted Answer

Information intensity refers to the amount of information available for a consumer to process within a given environment. This can include factors such as the number of choices available, the complexity of product information, and the amount of advertising or promotional messaging present in the environment.

Quiz 4: Comprehension, Memory, and Cognitive Learning