Question 1

Wakefield's (1992)concept of "harmful dysfunction" ______.
A) provides criteria for differentiating normal from abnormal behavior
B) requires all mental disorders to have an underlying biological cause
C) asserts that genetic and biological factors play a greater role in psychopathology than social-cultural factors
D) assumes that a biological or medical cause of a person's psychopathology has been ruled out before a psychiatric diagnosis is assigned

Accepted Answer

Wakefield's concept of "harmful dysfunction" provides criteria for differentiating normal from abnormal behavior. It suggests that a mental disorder is present when there is a dysfunction in an individual's internal mechanism that causes harm to themselves or others and is not simply a deviation from social or cultural norms.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes prevalence rates of mental disorders?
A) Autism spectrum disorder has roughly the same prevalence across all ethnic groups in the United States.
B) All childhood psychological disorders so far studied are more prevalent among African American and Latino children compared to White children.
C) The prevalence of some disorders, such as anxiety disorders, are higher among White children than among non-White children.
D) The prevalence of conduct problems is highest among Latino children, compared to those of other ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

The prevalence of certain mental disorders, including anxiety disorders, has been found to be higher among White children compared to non-White children. This reflects the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and socio-economic factors in the manifestation of mental health disorders across different ethnic groups.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the sociodemographic factors that is considered especially important for understanding psychological disorders,according to your text?
A) age
B) gender
C) birth order
D) socioeconomic status

Accepted Answer

The sociodemographic factors that are considered especially important for understanding psychological disorders are age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Birth order is not typically considered a significant factor in understanding psychological disorders.

Question 4

Your textbook reports findings from a recent study (Frick,2013)that found an association between single-parent families and increased mental health problems.Which of the following can we conclude from this study?
A) Those with low SES will go on, more often than not, to develop mental disorders.
B) Low SES causes mental disorders.
C) Mental disorders makes it more likely for a second parent to leave the home.
D) There is a relationship between single-parent households and increased rates of mental disorder, but the cause cannot be determined from this study.

Accepted Answer

The study found an association between single-parent households and increased rates of mental disorder, but it did not determine the cause of this relationship. Therefore, we cannot conclude that low SES causes mental disorders or that mental disorders make it more likely for a second parent to leave the home.

Question 5

How do developmental psychopathologists characterize abnormal behavior?
A) behavior that interferes with children's competence and does not meet the demands of the environment
B) behavior that leads to psychological distress, impairment, and risk of harm to self or others
C) behavior that leads to psychological distress, impairment, or risk of harm to self or others
D) behavior that is statistically different than the behavior of the typical child

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do developmental psychopathologists characterize abnormal behavior?
A)...

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT represented in socioeconomic status (SES)?
A) parents' reputation in the community
B) parents' level of education
C) parents' employment
D) family income

Accepted Answer

While parents' reputation in the community can influence their social and professional connections, it is not a direct component of SES. SES is typically determined by parents' level of education, employment status, and income, which can reflect their economic resources and social status.

Question 7

Since 1995,the percentage of youth receiving medication to treat their psychological problems has ______; the percentage of youth receiving therapy to treat their psychological problems has ______.
A) increased; stayed the same
B) increased; decreased
C) increased; increased
D) stayed the same; increased

Accepted Answer

According to the information given in the statement, the percentage of youth receiving medication to treat their psychological problems has increased, while the percentage of youth receiving therapy to treat their psychological problems has stayed the same.

Question 8

Epidemiologists often report the prevalence of a medical or psychological disorder.What is "prevalence"?
A) the number of people in a population with a given disorder
B) the percentage of people in a population with a given disorder
C) the number of new cases of a disorder in a population
D) the percentage of new cases of a disorder in a population

Accepted Answer

Prevalence refers to the percentage of people in a population who have a particular medical or psychological disorder at a given point in time. It is calculated by dividing the number of people with the disorder by the total population and multiplying by 100. Option A is the number of people with the disorder, option C is the incidence (number of new cases), and option D is the incidence rate (percentage of new cases).

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between psychotropic medication and age?
A) Adolescents are more likely to receive psychotropic medication, even though they are less likely than young children to experience psychological disorders.
B) Children are more likely to receive psychotropic medication, typically because their psychological disorders tend to be more severe than adolescents'.
C) Adolescents are more likely to receive psychotropic medication because they are more likely to experience psychological disorders, and the severity of these disorders tends to be greater than the severity of children's disorders.
D) There are no major differences in the rates of psychotropic medication prescriptions between children and adults.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that adolescents are more likely to experience psychological disorders, and the severity of these disorders tends to be greater than the severity of children's disorders. Therefore, they are more likely to receive psychotropic medication. Additionally, young children may be less likely to receive psychotropic medication due to concerns about potential side effects and the difficulty in accurately diagnosing psychological disorders in this age group.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a challenge mentioned in your text when determining prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents?
A) There is no single agency that tracks the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents.
B) There is no standard definition of what constitutes mental disorder.
C) Epidemiological studies use different methods to collect data, each of which yields a slightly different result.
D) Some people do not want to participate in lengthy surveys, or provide inaccurate information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 11

Your text describes a study (Hamilton,Strange,et al.,2015)about stressful events that involved important people or relationships in children's and adolescents' lives.The results of this study imply that ______.
A) depression was related to the number of interpersonally dependent stressors the participants experienced
B) depression was related to the timing of the interpersonally dependent stressors, with those occurring earlier in childhood having a greater impact
C) depression was related to a feeling of personal responsibility over the stressors
D) boys were more likely to ruminate over interpersonally dependent stressors

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your text describes a study (Hamilton,Strange,et al.,2015)about...

Question 12

Which of the following statements about prevalence is true?
A) Point prevalence can never be less than lifetime prevalence for a given disorder.
B) Point prevalence can never be more than lifetime prevalence for a given disorder.
C) Only lifetime prevalence measures the percentage of people with a disorder at each age.
D) Only point prevalence measures the severity of people's disorders.

Accepted Answer

Lifetime prevalence measures the percentage of people who have ever had a disorder in their lifetime, while point prevalence measures the percentage of people with a disorder at a given point in time. Point prevalence can be lower than lifetime prevalence if people have recovered from the disorder or if the disorder is rare and people have not yet developed it. Point prevalence can never be higher than lifetime prevalence because everyone who has ever had the disorder would be included in the lifetime prevalence measure, but not necessarily in the point prevalence measure. Option A and D are incorrect because lifetime prevalence and point prevalence measure different things, and neither one measures the severity of people's disorders. Option C is incorrect because both lifetime prevalence and point prevalence can measure the percentage of people with a disorder at each age.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of comorbidity?
A) It is rare.
B) It refers to the experience of having one disorder, recovering, and then having a different disorder.
C) It is especially common in individuals with depression.
D) It is much more common in children than in adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more disorders in the same individual. While comorbidity can occur in individuals of all ages, it is not rare and is actually quite common in individuals with depression. Therefore, options A, B, and D are incorrect.

Question 14

Medication used to treat a psychological disorder is called ______.
A)psychotropic
B) behavioral
C) neurotropic
D) hallucinogenic

Accepted Answer

Psychotropic medication is specifically used to treat psychiatric or psychological disorders, while the other options do not relate to medication used for psychological treatment.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an essential component of the DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder?
A) a pattern of behavior that occurs within an individual
B) a behavior that reflects an underlying dysfunction
C) the consequences of the behavior cause distress or disability
D) the disturbance is long lasting

Accepted Answer

Although many mental disorders do involve long-lasting disturbances, the DSM-5 does not require duration as an essential component of the definition. The other three components listed (pattern of behavior, underlying dysfunction, and distress/disability) are all essential for a behavior to be classified as a mental disorder.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relative rates of mental disorders in children and adolescents of different sexes?
A) Boys are more likely than girls to experience mental disorders in childhood, but boys and girls are equally likely to experience mental disorders in adolescence.
B) Boys are more likely than girls to experience mental disorders in childhood, but girls are more likely to experience mental disorders in adolescence.
C) Boys and girls have equal rates of mental disorders in childhood and in adolescence.
D) Boys and girls have equal rates of mental disorders in childhood with boys experiencing more mental disorders in adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that boys are more likely than girls to experience mental disorders in childhood, including ADHD, conduct disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. However, as girls enter adolescence, they begin to experience higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than boys. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it recognizes the different rates of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence for boys and girls.

Question 17

How has the overall prevalence of mental health disorders among children changed over the past several decades?
A) It has increased.
B) It has decreased.
C) It has remained unchanged.
D) It increased initially and then decreased to former levels.

Accepted Answer

The overall prevalence of mental health disorders among children has increased over the past several decades. Studies have shown a significant increase in diagnoses of disorders such as ADHD, anxiety, and depression among children and adolescents. Factors such as changes in societal norms, increased screen time and social media use, and greater awareness of mental health issues may all contribute to the rise in prevalence.

Question 18

What does the study of facilitated communication demonstrate about the value (or harm)of ignoring empirically-based interventions in favor of other forms of treatment?
A) that empirically based literature is not always well founded and sometimes alternative treatments are vastly more effective
B) that the stigma that accompanies mental illness treatment can drive families to seek help from non-mainstream sources
C) that interventions that are not empirically based can be harmful to clients and their families
D) that culture must be taken into account when determining how much to rely on empirically based interventions

Accepted Answer

The study of facilitated communication, which was not empirically based, demonstrated that it could be harmful to clients and their families, highlighting the importance of relying on interventions that have scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness.

Question 19

Clinical interventions that are not grounded in psychological science can harm children and families.Which of the following is NOT a way identified in the text that scientifically uninformed practice can hurt clients?
A) Ineffective treatments can cause parents to lose hope in psychology and treatment in general.
B) Ineffective interventions can cost parents time and money.
C) Ineffective treatments have been proven to substantially increase the rates of depression in parents.
D) Ineffective treatments can be physically harmful to children.

Accepted Answer

The text does not mention any evidence that ineffective treatments lead to increased rates of depression in parents. However, it does mention that ineffective treatments can cause parents to lose hope, cost time and money, and be physically harmful to children.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of students providing services to children in need?
A) If students have been trained to provide evidence-based treatment, the treatment will be effective.
B) Students should not question the evidence for the intervention or the ethics behind the intervention.
C) Once students have been trained to provide an intervention, it is safe and ethical for them to do so without supervision.
D) It is recommended that students ask themselves whether there are alternative services that might provide greater benefits to the clients than the ones being provided.

Accepted Answer

It is recommended that students ask themselves whether there are alternative services that might provide greater benefits to the clients than the ones being provided. This is important as students should always strive to provide the best possible care for the children in need. It is also important to consider the potential risks and benefits of the intervention and question whether it is ethical to provide in certain situations. Students should always seek supervision and guidance from qualified professionals before providing any intervention.

Quiz 1: The Science and Practice of Abnormal Child Psychology

Wakefield's (1992) concept of "harmful dysfunction" ______.

Which of the following best describes prevalence rates of mental disorders?

Which of the following is NOT one of the sociodemographic factors that is considered especially important for understanding psychological disorders,according to your text?

Your textbook reports findings from a recent study (Frick,2013) that found an association between single-parent families and increased mental health problems.Which of the following can we conclude from this study?

How do developmental psychopathologists characterize abnormal behavior?

Which of the following is NOT represented in socioeconomic status (SES) ?

Since 1995,the percentage of youth receiving medication to treat their psychological problems has ; the percentage of youth receiving therapy to treat their psychological problems has .

Epidemiologists often report the prevalence of a medical or psychological disorder.What is "prevalence"?

Which of the following best describes the relationship between psychotropic medication and age?

Which of the following is NOT a challenge mentioned in your text when determining prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents?

Your text describes a study (Hamilton,Strange,et al.,2015) about stressful events that involved important people or relationships in children's and adolescents' lives.The results of this study imply that ______.

Which of the following statements about prevalence is true?

Which of the following is true of comorbidity?

Medication used to treat a psychological disorder is called ______.

Which of the following is NOT an essential component of the DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder?

Which of the following best describes the relative rates of mental disorders in children and adolescents of different sexes?

How has the overall prevalence of mental health disorders among children changed over the past several decades?

What does the study of facilitated communication demonstrate about the value (or harm) of ignoring empirically-based interventions in favor of other forms of treatment?

Clinical interventions that are not grounded in psychological science can harm children and families.Which of the following is NOT a way identified in the text that scientifically uninformed practice can hurt clients?

Which of the following is true of students providing services to children in need?