Question 1

Which of the following is NOT recommended as a helpful addition to biological treatment for schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

High levels of expressed emotion (EE) from family members or caregivers are not recommended as a helpful addition to biological treatment for schizophrenia. EE can negatively impact treatment outcomes and increase the risk of relapse. Social skills training, family intervention, and programs in vocational rehabilitation have all been shown to be helpful additions to biological treatment for schizophrenia.

Question 2

Compare schizophrenia and the "other psychotic disorders" (schizophreniform, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, folie à deux, brief psychotic disorder) in terms of symptoms, duration, and outcome.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

The 1970s experiment in which behavioral (or social learning) principles were applied to a traditional inpatient environment in the form of a token economy resulted in

Accepted Answer

The use of a token economy in the 1970s resulted in more patients able to be discharged. This is because the token economy provided positive reinforcement for desired behaviors, leading to an increase in those behaviors and ultimately allowing patients to meet the criteria for discharge more quickly.

Question 4

In the latter half of the 20th century, the routine institutionalization of patients with schizophrenia was significantly reduced because of

Accepted Answer

The routine institutionalization of patients with schizophrenia was significantly reduced in the latter half of the 20th century due to both the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications and court rulings limiting involuntary hospitalization. While antipsychotic medications helped to manage the symptoms of schizophrenia, court rulings helped to protect patients' rights and limit the use of involuntary institutionalization. These two factors worked together to reduce the routine institutionalization of patients with schizophrenia.

Question 5

Social skills training programs for patients with schizophrenia have been

Accepted Answer

Social skills training programs for patients with schizophrenia have been found to be somewhat successful while the program is in effect. However, the effects may not be long-lasting once the program is completed. Studies have also shown that combining social skills training with other forms of therapy or medication can lead to better outcomes for patients with schizophrenia.

Question 6

A token economy is an incentive system in which hospitalized patients with schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

A token economy involves both rewarding patients with "tokens" for appropriate behavior and taking away "tokens" for disruptive behavior. The use of positive reinforcement and punishment is a key aspect of token economies, aimed at shaping behavior and promoting positive outcomes.

Question 7

Explain why the common misconception that schizophrenia means split personality is not correct.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Psychosocial "clubs" or "clubhouses" for patients with schizophrenia have been formed as a part of some rehabilitation programs. Research indicates that participation in these clubs may help prevent relapses. However, it is difficult to interpret the improvement in these patients because

Accepted Answer

Patients who choose to participate in the psychosocial clubs may have different characteristics or motivation levels compared to those who do not participate, which can affect the interpretation of the results. This creates a selection bias that could confound the results.

Question 9

Since the latter half of the 20th century, the policy of deinstitutionalization (time-limited hospital stays for psychotic patients) has resulted in

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization has resulted in many former patients with severe mental illness becoming homeless due to a lack of community support and resources. While some patients have been able to become productive members of the community, this is not the case for all. The policy also does not necessarily lead to greater patient compliance with medication as patients may be more difficult to monitor and follow up with outside of a hospital setting.

Question 10

Discuss treatment of the mentally ill. Include "shock therapies," psychosurgical procedures, and antipsychotic medications.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

The Chinese rely on more on ______________________ medicine to treat schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions "alternative medicine" which suggests that the Chinese rely on non-conventional methods to treat schizophrenia. Therefore, the best choice is (C) alternative. The other choices, agonistic and antagonistic, refer to actions rather than types of medicine, and "advanced forms of experimental" is too vague and does not necessarily relate to traditional Chinese medicine.

Question 12

Compare some major ways that the historical subtypes of schizophrenia can present (paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, undifferentiated, residual) in terms of symptoms, treatment, and prognosis.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

The assertive community treatment (ACT) program grew out of work by researches in

Accepted Answer

The assertive community treatment (ACT) program was developed in the 1970s by researchers at the Mendota State Hospital in Madison, Wisconsin.

Question 14

Recently, treatment for people with schizophrenia has expanded to include self-help and self-advocacy groups. These psychosocial clubs

Accepted Answer

Psychosocial clubs that provide self-help and self-advocacy groups for people with schizophrenia focus on providing a person-centered approach, getting positive experiences through employment opportunities, and providing friendship and empowerment. Therefore, all options (A, B, and C) are correct.

Question 15

Discuss the characteristics of attenuated psychosis syndrome and explain why it is a "proposed" disorder.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Mr. P is laughing uncontrollably after hearing the news of his sister's death, and his laughter is punctuated by rapid and off-topic speech. What type of symptoms of schizophrenia is he struggling with?

Accepted Answer

Mr. P is exhibiting disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia, such as inappropriate emotional responses (laughing at a tragic event), as well as disordered speech (rapid and off-topic). Positive symptoms refer to an excess or distortion of normal functioning, such as hallucinations and delusions, while negative symptoms refer to a lack of normal functioning, such as apathy and social withdrawal. Combined symptoms refer to a mixture of both positive and negative symptoms. However, Mr. P's symptoms are predominantly disorganized.

Question 17

The number of homeless people with mental disorders is estimated to be between

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Some patients with schizophrenia are helped to function better in the community via independent living skills programs that teach them all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Independent living skills programs for patients with schizophrenia focus on empowering the individual to manage their own life and health. This includes teaching medication management, recognizing signs of relapse, and social skills like maintaining eye contact. However, teaching patients how to help others who are mentally ill is not typically a focus of these programs, as the primary goal is to improve the patient's own ability to function independently in the community.

Question 19

One explanation for the differences between the Genain sisters in their experience of schizophrenia is

Accepted Answer

De novo mutations in the fertilized egg or germ cells can lead to differences in the manifestation of genetic disorders such as schizophrenia, even among individuals with the same parents, such as the Genain sisters. These mutations occur anew and are not inherited from the parents, potentially leading to variability in the expression of genetic diseases among siblings.

Question 20

Describe some of the "positive" and "negative" symptoms of schizophrenia. Explain what is meant by these terms and how they relate to prognosis and outcome.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 12: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders