Question 1

The authors describe an example of conditioning in which cancer patients develop a negative reaction to a variety of people and things associated with their chemotherapy treatments. The phenomenon is called
A)generalized conditioning.
B)stimulus generalization.
C)variety stimulus.
D)stimulus discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization occurs when a response is elicited by stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus. In this case, the cancer patients developed a negative reaction to a variety of people and things associated with their chemotherapy treatments, suggesting that their aversive response was generalized to similar stimuli.

Question 2

Seventeenth century treatments for depression included19
A)insulin shock therapy.
B)reserpine therapy.
C)hydrotherapy.
D)induced vomiting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Seventeenth century treatments for depression included19
A)insulin shock...

Question 3

Based on Hippocrates' humoral theory, "sanguine" describes a person who is
A)pessimistic.
B)pale.
C)cheerful.
D)humorous.

Accepted Answer

According to Hippocrates' humoral theory, an individual who is "sanguine" has an excess of the "sanguine" humor, which is associated with a cheerful and optimistic temperament. Therefore, the best answer choice is C, cheerful.

Question 4

According to Hippocrates' humoral theory, the "choleric" personality is
A)hot-tempered.
B)easygoing.
C)kind.
D)cheap.

Accepted Answer

According to Hippocrates' humoral theory, the "choleric" personality is associated with an excess of yellow bile, which results in a hot-tempered and irritable personality.

Question 5

In an attempt to rid the body of the excessive humors thought to be causing psychological disorders, physicians throughout history have used treatments such as
A)bloodletting.
B)induced seizures.
C)exorcism.
D)drilling through the skull.

Accepted Answer

Bloodletting was a common historical treatment based on the belief in balancing bodily humors, which were thought to cause psychological disorders.

Question 6

In ancient China, unexplained mental disorders were caused by blockages of
A)bodily fluids like blood and perspiration.
B)the humors of black and yellow bile.
C)"wind" that needed to flow properly.
D)hysteria caused by extreme changes in body temperature.

Accepted Answer

In ancient China, unexplained mental disorders were believed to be caused by blockages of "wind" or qi that needed to flow properly. This concept is based on the traditional Chinese medicine principle that a person's qi, or life force, must flow freely throughout the body in order to maintain good health. Blockages or disruptions in the flow of qi can lead to physical and mental imbalances, including mental disorders.

Question 7

During the Middle Ages, large-scale outbreaks of large groups of people simultaneously compelled to run out in the streets while engaged in bizarre behavior was known at that time as:
A)a rave.
B)tarantism.
C)St. Michaels dance.
D)Carnival.

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe large-scale outbreaks of people engaged in bizarre behavior during the Middle Ages is known as tarantism. This phenomenon was often characterized by groups of people running out into the streets while seemingly in a trance-like state, and it was associated with a belief that dancing was a way to exorcise the venom of a tarantula bite.

Question 8

In ancient Greece, some "humoral excesses" thought to be causing psychological disorders were treated by
A)increasing or decreasing the person's exposure to heat, dryness, moisture, or cold.
B)herbal remedies.
C)decreasing both caloric and liquid intake.
D)lowering the person's body temperature for extended periods of time.

Accepted Answer

In ancient Greece, it was believed that psychological disorders were caused by imbalance of the humors (bodily fluids). These imbalances were thought to be affected by exposure to different environmental factors like heat, dryness, moisture, or cold. Therefore, treatment involved either increasing or decreasing exposure to these elements to restore balance in the humors.

Question 9

In ancient Greece, a woman suffering from "hysteria" might be told that her condition could be cured by
A)marriage.
B)pregnancy.
C)therapy.
D)divorce.

Accepted Answer

In ancient Greece, hysteria was thought to be caused by a wandering uterus, and marriage or pregnancy was believed to cure it by "settling" the uterus.

Question 10

Which of the following accurately describes the attitudes of the Catholic Church toward mentally ill people during the turbulent political and religious events of the 14th and 15th centuries?
A)They were considered to be suffering from inherited conditions and were cared for by members of the church communities.
B)They were seen as possessed by evil spirits and blamed for all misfortunes.
C)They were regarded as basically good individuals who were not responsible for their abnormal behavior.
D)They were provided with medical treatments and sometimes hospitalized because mental illness was regarded as equivalent to physical illness.

Accepted Answer

During the 14th and 15th centuries, the Catholic Church often viewed mentally ill people as being possessed by evil spirits, reflecting the broader societal beliefs of the time. This perspective led to treatments that were more exorcistic and punitive than medical or caring.

Question 11

During the Middle Ages, as well as at other times, mentally ill people were sometimes forced to undergo the religious ritual called exorcism. This was in order to
A)cure the mental illness by making the individual more religious.
B)build up muscle strength and make the person healthier.
C)rid the individual's body of evil spirits.
D)prove that the person was not a witch.

Accepted Answer

Exorcism was believed to rid a person of evil spirits that were believed to be causing mental illness. This was a common practice during the Middle Ages and other times.

Question 12

Sigmund Freud proposed that many physical complaints suffered by young women
A)were a form of divine punishment.
B)reflected stress placed upon them by society.
C)resulted from the "conversion" of sexual fantasies into socially acceptable outlets.
D)resulted from the rise in feminism.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of hysteria suggested that physical symptoms resulted from the conversion of repressed sexual fantasies into physical symptoms that were socially acceptable. However, his views have been heavily criticized and are not widely accepted in modern psychology. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not supported by any mainstream psychological theories or evidence.

Question 13

Symptoms such as despair and lethargy were often identified by the medieval church with the sin of _________.
A)blasphemy or sacrilege.
B)envy or covetousness.
C)acedia or sloth.
D)gluttony or greed.

Accepted Answer

The sin of acedia, also known as sloth, was often associated with symptoms of despair and lethargy in medieval times. This sin was viewed as a failure to engage with the world and fulfill one's duties, both spiritual and secular.

Question 14

You are listening to old musical tunes, including "My Melancholy Baby." Your friends are impressed when you tell them that "melancholic," referring to a depressive personality, derives from a Greek word meaning
A)blood.
B)phlegm.
C)yellow bile.
D)black bile.

Accepted Answer

"Melancholic" is derived from the Greek word "melankholia," which is made up of "melas" (meaning black) and "kholē" (meaning bile). This refers to the ancient Greek belief in the four humors, with black bile being associated with a melancholic temperament.

Question 15

In the late 19th century, John P. Grey and his colleagues
A)discovered the first cure for schizophrenia
B)ironically reduced interest in treating mental patients
C)changed the field of psychological research largely into a biological science
D)created the first humane treatment facilities for mentally ill patients

Accepted Answer

John P. Grey and his colleagues are credited with creating the first humane treatment facilities for mentally ill patients, which were a significant improvement over the harsh and inhumane conditions in which many mentally ill individuals were previously kept. They also advocated for moral treatment, which focused on providing a therapeutic environment for mentally ill individuals rather than simply subjecting them to harsh discipline and confinement. Their work marked a significant shift in the treatment of mental illness and helped pave the way for more modern and humane approaches to care.

Question 16

Bloodletting, a treatment devised centuries ago to restore the balance of humors, was accomplished with the use of
A)needles.
B)leeches.
C)tourniquets.
D)bacteria.

Accepted Answer

Bloodletting involved using leeches to suck out blood from the patient, as it was believed to restore balance to the humors. Needles and tourniquets were also used in some versions of bloodletting, but leeches were the primary means of achieving this treatment. Bacteria were not intentionally used in bloodletting, although there was a risk of infection if proper sanitation practices were not followed.

Question 17

One hot and humid night, one of your friends suggests doing some really crazy things. You look up at the sky and say, "It must be the full moon." Your statement reflects the concept from which the word ________ is derived.
A)lunatic
B)idiot
C)maniac
D)psychopath

Accepted Answer

The word "lunatic" is derived from "luna," the Latin word for moon. This word is often used to refer to someone who is considered crazy or unstable, and it has its roots in the belief that the full moon could cause people to act irrationally.

Question 18

DSM-5, an updated version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, was published in
A)1994.
B)2000.
C)2002.
D)2013.

Accepted Answer

DSM-5 was published in 2013.

Question 19

According to your textbook, mass hysteria may simply demonstrate the phenomenon of ______________, in which the experience of an emotion spreads to those around us.
A)emotion contagion
B)viral possession
C)generalized panic disorder
D)mob mentality

Accepted Answer

Mass hysteria is often characterized by a group of individuals reporting similar physical or emotional symptoms without an identifiable medical cause. One explanation for this phenomenon is emotion contagion, in which the experience of an emotion spreads to those around us. For example, if one person in a group experiences fear or panic, it may spread to others in the group, leading to a mass response.

Question 20

In keeping with an accepted treatment for mental illness in the 14th century, a physician treating King Charles VI of France had him moved to the countryside in order to
A)have him closer to a hospital that treated mental illness.
B)keep him away from his family.
C)restore the balance in his humors.
D)cure him of hysteria.

Accepted Answer

In the 14th century, it was believed that mental illness was caused by an imbalance of the humors (bodily fluids), and that a change of environment could restore the balance. Moving King Charles VI to the countryside was likely an attempt to restore the balance of his humors as part of his treatment for mental illness.

Quiz 1: Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

The authors describe an example of conditioning in which cancer patients develop a negative reaction to a variety of people and things associated with their chemotherapy treatments. The phenomenon is called

Seventeenth century treatments for depression included19

Based on Hippocrates' humoral theory, "sanguine" describes a person who is

According to Hippocrates' humoral theory, the "choleric" personality is

In an attempt to rid the body of the excessive humors thought to be causing psychological disorders, physicians throughout history have used treatments such as

In ancient China, unexplained mental disorders were caused by blockages of

During the Middle Ages, large-scale outbreaks of large groups of people simultaneously compelled to run out in the streets while engaged in bizarre behavior was known at that time as:

In ancient Greece, some "humoral excesses" thought to be causing psychological disorders were treated by

In ancient Greece, a woman suffering from "hysteria" might be told that her condition could be cured by

Which of the following accurately describes the attitudes of the Catholic Church toward mentally ill people during the turbulent political and religious events of the 14th and 15th centuries?

During the Middle Ages, as well as at other times, mentally ill people were sometimes forced to undergo the religious ritual called exorcism. This was in order to

Sigmund Freud proposed that many physical complaints suffered by young women

Symptoms such as despair and lethargy were often identified by the medieval church with the sin of _________.

You are listening to old musical tunes, including "My Melancholy Baby." Your friends are impressed when you tell them that "melancholic," referring to a depressive personality, derives from a Greek word meaning

In the late 19th century, John P. Grey and his colleagues

Bloodletting, a treatment devised centuries ago to restore the balance of humors, was accomplished with the use of

One hot and humid night, one of your friends suggests doing some really crazy things. You look up at the sky and say, "It must be the full moon." Your statement reflects the concept from which the word ________ is derived.

DSM-5, an updated version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, was published in

According to your textbook, mass hysteria may simply demonstrate the phenomenon of ______________, in which the experience of an emotion spreads to those around us.

In keeping with an accepted treatment for mental illness in the 14th century, a physician treating King Charles VI of France had him moved to the countryside in order to