Question 1

Accidental overdose may occur due to …

Accepted Answer

The answer of Accidental overdose may occur due to …
...

Question 2

High levels of cortisol can cause…

Accepted Answer

The answer of High levels of cortisol can cause…
...

Question 3

Your friend has been dealing with a highly stressful work situation and recently has appeared very tired and seems to constantly have aches and pains.If she has the general adaptation syndrome,which stage is she likely in?

Accepted Answer

The general adaptation syndrome is a three-stage response to stress consisting of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. If the person has been dealing with a highly stressful work situation for a long time and is now showing signs of consistent tiredness and aches and pains, they are likely in the exhaustion stage. This is the stage where the body's resources have been depleted, and the person is unable to cope with the stress.

Question 4

A hormone that serves as an indicator of stress is…

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a hormone released by the adrenal gland in response to stress. Its levels increase in the body during times of physiological and psychological stress. Therefore, cortisol is a good indicator of stress level.

Question 5

A barbiturate that is only effective for 30 minutes would be classifed as a(n)…

Accepted Answer

An ultrashort-acting barbiturate is one that has a duration of action of less than 1 hour. In this case, the barbiturate is only effective for 30 minutes, making it an ultrashort-acting barbiturate.

Question 6

During which phase of PTSD do studies consistently find higher levels of cortisol?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During which phase of PTSD do studies...

Question 7

The first anxiolytic drug was a(n)…

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates were among the first drugs used to treat anxiety before benzodiazepines were introduced.

Question 8

A barbiturate that is long-acting typically has…

Accepted Answer

Long-acting barbiturates generally have poor lipid solubility, which slows their entry into the brain and prolongs their duration of action.

Question 9

A drug specifically used for the treatment of anxiety is called a(n)…

Accepted Answer

The term anxiolytic refers specifically to drugs used to treat anxiety. Tranquilizer is a more general term that can apply to drugs used to treat various conditions, including anxiety. Bromide is an outdated term for a type of sedative that is no longer commonly used. Anti-anxiety drug is a general term that can refer to any medication used to treat anxiety.

Question 10

Barbiturates produce depressant effects as positive modulators for…

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates are known to act as positive modulators for GABAᴀ receptors. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its activation results in hyperpolarization of the neuron, leading to an overall reduction in neuronal activity. By enhancing the effects of GABA, barbiturates produce their characteristic sedative, anxiolytic, hypnotic and anticonvulsant effects.

Question 11

Activation of the locus coeruleus during a fear reaction causes…

Accepted Answer

Activation of the locus coeruleus during a fear reaction results in the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine from the adrenal gland, which are important for the physiological response to fear.

Question 12

Hyperventilation and breathing in CO₂ can both produce…

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hyperventilation and breathing in CO₂ can both...

Question 13

Alarm is the first stage in…

Accepted Answer

The first stage in the general adaptation syndrome, as described by Hans Selye, is the alarm stage, where the body initially responds to a stressor.

Question 14

During general adaptation syndrome,a sustained level of physiological arousal characterizes the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

During the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the body adapts to the stressor and tries to maintain a state of physiological arousal. This stage occurs after the initial alarm reaction and before the exhaustion stage.

Question 15

A person with PTSD who has a sudden,stressful response to a memory of a traumatic event would be in …

Accepted Answer

The sudden, stressful response to a memory of a traumatic event is a hallmark symptom of PTSD known as a phasic response or a re-experiencing symptom. This can include flashbacks or intrusive memories that can cause a person to feel as if they are going through the traumatic event all over again. Tonic and avoidance phases are not specific to PTSD, and an active phase is not a recognized phase in PTSD.

Question 16

Anxiety,muscle weakness,and abdominal pain from abruptly quitting a barbiturate is called a(n)…

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the question are characteristic of barbiturate abstinence syndrome, which occurs when someone abruptly stops taking a barbiturate after prolonged use. Withdrawal disorder is a general term used to describe symptoms that occur when someone stops or reduces their use of a substance, such as drugs or alcohol. Anxiolytic withdrawal disorder and tranquilizer abstinence syndrome could be applicable in certain situations, but they are not specifically relevant to the symptoms described in the question.

Question 17

The adrenal gland releases cortisol after the pituitary gland releases…

Accepted Answer

The adrenal gland releases cortisol after the pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH stimulates the adrenal gland to produce and release cortisol into the bloodstream, which helps the body respond to stress and regulate various physiological processes. Prolactin is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates milk production in females. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles. Hydrocortisol is not a hormone released by any gland in the body.

Question 18

After a doctor performs a routine blood analysis and finds unusually high levels of cortisol,what might she ask her patient?

Accepted Answer

High levels of cortisol are often associated with stress, so the doctor may want to inquire about any recent stressors in the patient's life. The other options may be relevant in certain cases but are less commonly associated with high cortisol levels.

Question 19

Chronic use of barbiturates produces tolerance for anxiolytic effects but not for its…

Accepted Answer

Chronic use of barbiturates can lead to tolerance for its respiratory depression effects, which can increase the risk of overdose and death. Tolerance for anesthetic and hypnotic effects can also develop with chronic use. However, tolerance for the reinforcing effects of barbiturates may not develop, increasing the risk of dependence and addiction.

Question 20

The following indicate that barbiturates have abuse potential except…

Accepted Answer

The statement "barbiturates reduce stress, thereby serving as negative reinforcers" is an indication of their therapeutic potential, not their abuse potential. The other three statements provide evidence of barbiturates having abuse potential.

Quiz 14: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders