Question 1

Match the antibody type, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristic.
-found in secretions of digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary systems, and in milk and tears

Accepted Answer

IgA is primarily found in secretions of the digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary systems, as well as in milk and tears.

Question 2

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic.
-damage of normal cells brought on by formation of antigen-antibody complexes

Accepted Answer

Immune-complex disease is characterized by the damage of normal cells that is caused by the formation of antigen-antibody complexes.

Note: The other conditions listed are characterized as follows:
A) Serum sickness - a type III hypersensitivity reaction to foreign proteins
B) Immediate hypersensitivity - a type I hypersensitivity reaction, often known as an allergic reaction
C) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome - a viral infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that attacks the immune system
D) Delayed hypersensitivity - a type IV hypersensitivity reaction that occurs over time
F) Autoimmune disease - a condition where the immune system attacks the body's own cells and tissues
G) Severe combined immunodeficiency - a genetic disorder that causes severe deficiencies in the immune system

Question 3

Match the defence molecule(s), labelled a. through h., with the correct characteristic.
-form(s) a membrane-attack complex

Accepted Answer

The molecule(s) that form a membrane-attack complex are complement molecules.

Answer: E
 The molecule(s) that act as opsonins are antibodies and complement.

Answer: G
 The molecule(s) that are antibodies are, as their name suggests, antibodies.

Answer: H
 The molecule(s) that are interferons are interferons themselves.

Question 4

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic.
-the immune system fails to recognize and tolerate particular self-antigens

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues because it fails to recognize them as "self" and attacks them as if they were foreign.

Question 5

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic.
-allergic response mediated by IgE

Accepted Answer

The characteristic of immediate hypersensitivity matches with the condition of allergic response mediated by IgE.

Answer: A
 The characteristic of serum sickness matches with the condition of immune-complex disease.

Answer: C
 The characteristic of acquired immune deficiency syndrome matches with the condition of severe combined immunodeficiency affects both T and B cells.

Answer: D
 The characteristic of delayed hypersensitivity matches with the condition of contact dermatitis.

Answer: E
 The characteristic of immune-complex disease matches with the condition of serum sickness.

Answer: F
 The characteristic of autoimmune disease matches with the condition of lupus erythematosus.

Answer: G
 The characteristic of severe combined immunodeficiency matches with the condition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Question 6

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic.
-hereditary condition in which both B and T cells are lacking

Accepted Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency is a hereditary condition in which both B and T cells are lacking.

Answer: C 
 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a condition in which the immune system is severely weakened, making it vulnerable to infections and other diseases.

Answer: B 
 Immediate hypersensitivity is an allergic reaction that occurs within minutes of exposure to an allergen, causing symptoms like hives, swelling, and trouble breathing.

Answer: D 
 Delayed hypersensitivity is a type of immune response that occurs several hours to days after exposure to an allergen, causing symptoms like rash, itching, and swelling.

Answer: E 
 Immune-complex disease is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues, forming immune complexes that can accumulate and cause inflammation and damage.

Answer: F 
 Autoimmune disease is a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues, leading to inflammation, tissue damage, and a range of symptoms and complications.

Answer: A 
 Serum sickness is a type of immune response that occurs after exposure to a foreign substance, causing symptoms like rash, fever, joint pain, and kidney damage.

Question 7

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic.
-allergic response mediated by T cells

Accepted Answer

Delayed hypersensitivity is characterized by T cell-mediated allergic response that takes 24-48 hours to develop.

Answer: B
 Immediate hypersensitivity is characterized by IgE-mediated allergic response that occurs within minutes to hours after exposure to an allergen.

Answer: C
 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a result of HIV infection, which leads to the destruction of CD4+ T cells and progressive immunodeficiency.

Answer: A
 Serum sickness is characterized by the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues and cause inflammation, leading to symptoms such as fever, rash, and joint pain.

Answer: E
 Immune-complex diseases are characterized by the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues and cause inflammation, leading to organ damage.

Answer: F
 Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an inappropriate immune response against self-antigens, leading to tissue damage and dysfunction.

Answer: G
 Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a rare genetic disorder that results in a complete lack of functional T and B cells, leading to severe immunodeficiency and susceptibility to infections.

Question 8

Indicate the characteristics that apply to bacteria and viruses, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-can become incorporated into a host cell such that the body's defence mechanisms turn against the cell

Accepted Answer

This characteristic applies to viruses, as they are obligate intracellular parasites that require a host cell to replicate and can become incorporated into a host cell's DNA or RNA, leading to immune responses that can target the host cell. Bacteria, on the other hand, are typically extracellular organisms that do not invade host cells in the same way as viruses.

Question 9

Match the antibody type, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristic.
-function is uncertain

Accepted Answer

The function of IgD is uncertain and not well understood.

Question 10

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic.
-allergic reaction to injection of "borrowed" antibodies that confer passive immunity

Accepted Answer

Serum sickness is an allergic reaction to the injection of "borrowed" antibodies that confer passive immunity.

Answer: B
 Immediate hypersensitivity is an allergic reaction that occurs within minutes of exposure to an allergen.

Answer: C
 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that attacks and weakens the immune system.

Answer: D
 Delayed hypersensitivity is an allergic reaction that occurs several hours to days after exposure to an allergen.

Answer: E
 Immune-complex disease is a condition in which immune complexes (antibodies bound to antigens) accumulate in tissues and cause inflammation and damage.

Answer: F
 Autoimmune disease is a condition in which the immune system attacks and damages the body's own tissues.

Answer: G
 Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a genetic disorder that affects the development and function of the immune system, resulting in a lack of immune protection against infections.

Question 11

Match the defence molecule(s), labelled a. through h., with the correct characteristic.
-enhance(s) phagocytosis by linking the foreign cell to a phagocytic cell

Accepted Answer

Opsonins enhance phagocytosis by linking the foreign cell to a phagocytic cell.

Answer: F
 Complement enhances phagocytosis by linking the foreign cell to a phagocytic cell.

Question 12

Indicate whether the following characteristics apply to the Fab or Fc region of an antibody, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-located in the "tail" region of an antibody

Accepted Answer

The Fc region of an antibody is located in the "tail" region, which is responsible for various functions including recruitment of immune cells and complement activation. The Fab region, in contrast, is involved in antigen binding and is located in the "arms" of the antibody.

Question 13

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic.
-helper T's destroyed by viral invasion

Accepted Answer

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which specifically targets and destroys helper T cells, leading to a weakened immune system.

Question 14

Indicate whether the following characteristics apply to the Fab or Fc region of an antibody, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-constant between different antibodies

Accepted Answer

The Fc region of an antibody is constant between different antibodies, providing a consistent structure for interaction with immune cells, whereas the Fab region varies to allow for the binding of different antigens.

Question 15

Match the antibody type, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristic.
-serves as the B-cell surface receptor for antigen attachment

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the antibody type, labelled a. through...

Question 16

Indicate whether the following characteristics apply to the Fab or Fc region of an antibody, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-located in the "arm" regions of an antibody

Accepted Answer

The "arm" regions of an antibody refer to the variable regions, which are part of the Fab region. The Fc region is located at the base of the antibody, away from the variable regions.

Question 17

Indicate whether the following characteristics apply to the Fab or Fc region of an antibody, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-highly variable between different antibodies of the same class

Accepted Answer

The variability between different antibodies of the same class applies to the Fab region of an antibody, as it is where the antigen-binding sites are located and can vary in sequence between different antibodies. The Fc region, on the other hand, is more conserved in sequence and is involved in downstream effector functions of the antibody.

Question 18

Match the antibody type, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristic.
-a mediator in asthma and hives

Accepted Answer

IgE is the antibody type that is a mediator in asthma and hives. It has a role in triggering allergic responses by binding to mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of histamine and other inflammatory molecules.

Question 19

Indicate the characteristics that apply to bacteria and viruses, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-can transform normal host cells into cancer cells

Accepted Answer

Viruses have the ability to transform normal cells into cancer cells, while bacteria do not possess this characteristic.

Question 20

Match the antibody type, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristic.
-the most abundant immunoglobulin in the blood

Accepted Answer

IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the blood and comprises approximately 75% of all serum antibodies.

Quiz 11: Body Defences

Match the antibody type, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristic. -found in secretions of digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary systems, and in milk and tears

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic. -damage of normal cells brought on by formation of antigen-antibody complexes

Match the defence molecule(s) , labelled a. through h., with the correct characteristic. -form(s) a membrane-attack complex

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic. -the immune system fails to recognize and tolerate particular self-antigens

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic. -allergic response mediated by IgE

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic. -hereditary condition in which both B and T cells are lacking

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic. -allergic response mediated by T cells

Indicate the characteristics that apply to bacteria and viruses, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -can become incorporated into a host cell such that the body's defence mechanisms turn against the cell

Match the antibody type, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristic. -function is uncertain

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic. -allergic reaction to injection of "borrowed" antibodies that confer passive immunity

Match the defence molecule(s) , labelled a. through h., with the correct characteristic. -enhance(s) phagocytosis by linking the foreign cell to a phagocytic cell

Indicate whether the following characteristics apply to the Fab or Fc region of an antibody, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -located in the "tail" region of an antibody

Match the condition, labelled a. through g., with the characteristic. -helper T's destroyed by viral invasion

Indicate whether the following characteristics apply to the Fab or Fc region of an antibody, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -constant between different antibodies

Match the antibody type, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristic. -serves as the B-cell surface receptor for antigen attachment

Indicate whether the following characteristics apply to the Fab or Fc region of an antibody, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -located in the "arm" regions of an antibody

Indicate whether the following characteristics apply to the Fab or Fc region of an antibody, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -highly variable between different antibodies of the same class

Match the antibody type, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristic. -a mediator in asthma and hives

Indicate the characteristics that apply to bacteria and viruses, labelled a. and b. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -can transform normal host cells into cancer cells

Match the antibody type, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristic. -the most abundant immunoglobulin in the blood