Question 1

Which one of the following students BEST illustrates the state of functional fixedness?
A)Nathaniel,a student who is using a ruler for drawing lines,fails to realize that he can use its metal edge as a scraper to remove paint from his desk.
B)Kathy,a student who is trying to solve a math problem,explores many different strategies until she finds a reasonable answer.
C)Rebecca,a third-grade teacher,sees the second-grade achievement scores for her new class and begins to form expectancies about individuals' abilities.
D)Wendell,who is used to making "d" look like "b," continues to make the same error.

Accepted Answer

Nathaniel's inability to see the ruler as anything other than a tool for drawing lines represents functional fixedness, the cognitive bias in which an individual is unable to see an object's potential uses beyond its most common or familiar use.

Question 2

Formulating new answers by going beyond the simple application of previously learned rules to reach a goal is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Formulating new answers by going beyond the...

Question 3

The eighth grade is preparing for its annual "School Scam Skit," in which students parody amusing school events during the year.Alonzo,the class President,discovers that the class has mistakenly sold 500 tickets for an auditorium with a seating capacity of only 200.The auditorium is not available for any other night,and the class does not have the funds available to rent a suitable room elsewhere.Numerous possible solutions may exist,but the class is feeling panicked.The class officers are meeting in order to attempt to find a solution to this problem.What type of cognitive approach is each class officer using?
-Gwen,the class Vice President,suggested that they organize committees that would be responsible for (1)checking the calendar to see if the program could be held on two consecutive nights; (2)checking with other junior or senior high schools in the community to find out about availability of their facilities;and (3)checking on the possibility of using the high school's football stadium to construct a stage and lighting system for an outdoor program.
A)Analogical thinking
B)Brainstorming
C)Means-end analysis
D)Response set
E)Working backwards

Accepted Answer

The answer of The eighth grade is preparing for its...

Question 4

Greg ponders over a math problem.He looks,frowns,and several minutes pass as he continues to study and shuffle his papers.All at once,he smiles,picks up his pencil,and writes down the correct answer.The suddenness of Greg's solution best exemplifies
A)functional fixedness.
B)insight.
C)problem representation.
D)transfer.

Accepted Answer

The suddenness and change in behavior (from frowning to smiling and picking up the pencil) suggest that Greg experienced insight, which is the sudden realization of a solution to a problem after a period of contemplation or incubation. Functional fixedness refers to the tendency to only see familiar uses for an object, and problem representation and transfer are not as relevant to the scenario described.

Question 5

Michael was asked to devise as many uses for a brick as he could.After taking the assignment home to work on further,he came up with over 30 ideas,many of which were not proposed by any other student.All of Michael's ideas dealt with using a brick to break things.In what aspect of creativity proposed by Torrence is Michael lacking?
A)Flexibility
B)Fluency
C)Incubation
D)Originality

Accepted Answer

Flexibility refers to the ability to produce a variety of ideas or solutions. Michael's ideas all focus on a single use (breaking things), indicating a lack of flexibility.

Question 6

Creativity is thought to be associated directly with what type of thinking?
A)Convergent
B)Deductive reasoning
C)Divergent thinking
D)Intuitive

Accepted Answer

Creativity is associated with divergent thinking which involves generating multiple or unique solutions to a problem rather than finding a single correct answer.

Question 7

Frank was supposed to push three wheelbarrows back to the barn,and he wasn't relishing the idea of three trips.Then in a flash he reorganized the problem.He loaded two wheelbarrows onto the third and made one trip.In doing this,he demonstrated
A)flexibility.
B)functional fixedness.
C)insight.
D)response set.

Accepted Answer

Frank's ability to reorganize the problem and find a new solution that reduced the number of trips required by loading two wheelbarrows onto the third demonstrates insight. Insight is the sudden understanding of a problem or a solution that has eluded previous attempts to solve it.

Question 8

In order to encourage student creativity,teachers are advised to
A)enhance each student's reliance on authorities for response accuracy.
B)promote convergent thinking and problem-solving skills.
C)reinforce unusual solutions,even if the product is not perfect.
D)work on increasing the speed with which students can identify solutions to problems.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcing unusual solutions, even if the product is not perfect, encourages students to think outside the box and fosters creativity. It also helps students to become more confident in their own problem-solving abilities. Option A would hinder creativity by limiting students' ability to think independently, while option B focuses on convergent thinking rather than divergent thinking. Option D is not directly related to creativity.

Question 9

Studies of expertise have discovered that chess masters are superior to nonexpert players in
A)conscious analytical thought.
B)domain knowledge.
C)random chess pattern recognition.
D)recognition of meaningful chess patterns.

Accepted Answer

Chess masters are superior to nonexpert players in recognition of meaningful chess patterns.

Question 10

Gloria thinks about the solution to a problem regarding welfare in her American Problems course.She asks herself what she needs to know in order to solve the problem.She tries to think about the problem in different and,possibly,creative ways.She is then able to clarify the problem and propose a potentially useful solution.The aspect of problem solving that Gloria's strategy exemplifies is
A)flexibility.
B)functional fixedness.
C)response set.
D)transfer.

Accepted Answer

Gloria's strategy of thinking about the problem in different and creative ways shows flexibility, which is an important aspect of problem solving. This allows her to see the problem from different perspectives and come up with potential solutions. Functional fixedness refers to the tendency to see objects only in their familiar roles and not as capable of a new use, while response set refers to the tendency to respond to a problem in a particular way based on past experience. Transfer refers to the application of past knowledge to a new situation.

Question 11

The eighth grade is preparing for its annual "School Scam Skit," in which students parody amusing school events during the year.Alonzo,the class President,discovers that the class has mistakenly sold 500 tickets for an auditorium with a seating capacity of only 200.The auditorium is not available for any other night,and the class does not have the funds available to rent a suitable room elsewhere.Numerous possible solutions may exist,but the class is feeling panicked.The class officers are meeting in order to attempt to find a solution to this problem.What type of cognitive approach is each class officer using?
-Nephi,the class Treasurer,told the class officers that this situation reminded him of the Titanic sinking.Accordingly,the Titanic officers could have preserved three times the number of people had they allowed the passengers to lay alongside the life boats and support themselves by holding onto the gunnels.Perhaps the solution to the current problem is embedded in the Titanic problem.
A)Analogical thinking
B)Brainstorming
C)Means-end analysis
D)Response set
E)Working backwards

Accepted Answer

Nephi is using analogical thinking by comparing the current problem to a past event (the sinking of the Titanic) and suggesting that a solution may be found by drawing parallels between the two situations. The other cognitive approaches (brainstorming, means-end analysis, response set, and working backwards) do not involve this type of comparison to a past event.

Question 12

Ms.Cricket gave a creative writing assignment on today's film.She allows 10 minutes today and 10 minutes tomorrow to work on it.What component of the creative process is she fostering?
A)Automaticity
B)Elaboration
C)Flexibility
D)Restructuring

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ms.Cricket gave a creative writing assignment on...

Question 13

You are teaching a class of students who are very inexperienced in solving problems on their own.What is the most useful strategy for the teacher to use in order to help students solve the problems for a particular unit?
A)Combine the use of guidelines for problem solving with student self-monitoring.
B)Provide an algorithm that specifies the steps for one of the specific problems.
C)Supply general guidelines for problem solving and have students experiment through trial and error.
D)Use teacher demonstrations in conjunction with partner learning.

Accepted Answer

Combining the use of guidelines for problem solving with student self-monitoring allows the teacher to provide structure and support while also fostering independence and ownership in the learning process. Students can learn to follow the guidelines while also reflecting on their own progress and identifying areas where they need to improve. This approach also allows for flexibility and adaptation as students may need different levels of guidance and support as they develop their problem-solving skills.

Question 14

An exhaustive,step-by-step approach for solving a problem,in which a solution is virtually guaranteed is a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An exhaustive,step-by-step approach for solving a problem,in...

Question 15

Dividing a problem into a number of intermediate goals and then identifying a means of solving each subgoal is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dividing a problem into a number of...

Question 16

Which one of the following people illustrates the best example of creative behavior?
A)Billy uses an established method to solve an algebraic equation on a test.
B)Calita uses an encyclopedia to find the significance of the date July 4,1776.
C)Jack pours a solution of acid into a beaker of water in the chemistry lab.
D)Sheryl generates a list of solutions for the recycling problem.

Accepted Answer

Sheryl generating a list of solutions for the recycling problem demonstrates creative behavior because she is coming up with new and original ideas to address the problem at hand. The other options involve using established methods or resources, which do not necessarily require creative thinking.

Question 17

The sudden re-conceptualization or reorganization of a problem that clarifies it and suggests a possible solution is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sudden re-conceptualization or reorganization of a...

Question 18

The inability to recognize unconventional uses of familiar objects represents a barrier to problem solving that is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The inability to recognize unconventional uses of...

Question 19

Ms.Cricket gave a creative writing assignment on today's film.She allows 10 minutes today and 10 minutes tomorrow to work on it.What component of the creative process is she fostering?
A)Automaticity
B)Elaboration
C)Flexibility
D)Restructuring

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ms.Cricket gave a creative writing assignment on...

Question 20

Expert teachers don't have to think as hard as beginning teachers due to an ability to
A)access short-term memory.
B)memorize many details.
C)recognize patterns in problems.
D)use logical reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Expert teachers have developed schemata or mental maps of the subject matter they teach.They are able to recognize patterns in problems and thus make connections faster than beginning teachers. This makes their thought process less effortful. Short-term memory and memorization are not necessarily relevant to expertise, and logical reasoning is a skill that can be developed by beginners and experts alike.

Quiz 9: Complex Cognitive Processes

Which one of the following students BEST illustrates the state of functional fixedness?

Formulating new answers by going beyond the simple application of previously learned rules to reach a goal is ________.

Greg ponders over a math problem.He looks,frowns,and several minutes pass as he continues to study and shuffle his papers.All at once,he smiles,picks up his pencil,and writes down the correct answer.The suddenness of Greg's solution best exemplifies

Creativity is thought to be associated directly with what type of thinking?

Frank was supposed to push three wheelbarrows back to the barn,and he wasn't relishing the idea of three trips.Then in a flash he reorganized the problem.He loaded two wheelbarrows onto the third and made one trip.In doing this,he demonstrated

In order to encourage student creativity,teachers are advised to

Studies of expertise have discovered that chess masters are superior to nonexpert players in

Ms.Cricket gave a creative writing assignment on today's film.She allows 10 minutes today and 10 minutes tomorrow to work on it.What component of the creative process is she fostering?

You are teaching a class of students who are very inexperienced in solving problems on their own.What is the most useful strategy for the teacher to use in order to help students solve the problems for a particular unit?

An exhaustive,step-by-step approach for solving a problem,in which a solution is virtually guaranteed is a(n)________.

Dividing a problem into a number of intermediate goals and then identifying a means of solving each subgoal is called ________.

Which one of the following people illustrates the best example of creative behavior?

The sudden re-conceptualization or reorganization of a problem that clarifies it and suggests a possible solution is ________.

The inability to recognize unconventional uses of familiar objects represents a barrier to problem solving that is referred to as ________.

Ms.Cricket gave a creative writing assignment on today's film.She allows 10 minutes today and 10 minutes tomorrow to work on it.What component of the creative process is she fostering?

Expert teachers don't have to think as hard as beginning teachers due to an ability to