Question 1

Natural function is what a particular process evolved to do; for example, the heart is designed to pump blood. Other processes, such as the sounds that the heart makes, are _____ of this purpose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Natural function is what a particular process...

Question 2

The study of the role natural selection has played in the development of mental disorders is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of the role natural selection...

Question 3

Underlying the mind/body dichotomy is the dualism of French philosopher _____, who described human beings as influenced by both physiological processes, such as the body, which could be measured scientifically, and mental processes, including the soul, which follow different laws.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Underlying the mind/body dichotomy is the dualism...

Question 4

Allen and Badcock (2003) suggest that a depressed state represents a risk management strategy in response to a situation that has a low probability of success and high probability of risk. Intrinsic to this way of thinking is the assumption that a depressed mood was _____ in our evolutionary history.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Allen and Badcock (2003) suggest that a...

Question 5

Crow (2000) suggests that schizophrenia is related to problems of development in relation to _____, which involve the inability of the person to distinguish his or her thoughts from speech itself, including what others say to the person.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crow (2000) suggests that schizophrenia is related...

Question 6

Feygin et al. (2006) suggest that OCD results from the exaggeration of normal traits, which can be mapped on a developmental trajectory. In particular, they discuss four developmental themes as a response to stress. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Feygin et al. (2006) suggest that OCD...

Question 7

_____ include feeling anxious, tense, and fearful of being with others as well as being troubled and unable to sleep; traditionally this was referred to as neurosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ include feeling anxious, tense, and fearful...

Question 8

Burns (2004, 2006) suggested that _____ is related to the evolution of the social brain in humans. Because brain development needed to be lengthened, there was a long period of time in which complex gene interactions or accidents could happen.

Accepted Answer

Burns suggests that schizophrenia, a disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and thought processes, may have played a role in the evolution of the social brain in humans. The extended period of brain development in humans provided a longer time frame for complex gene interactions or accidents to occur, potentially resulting in the emergence of schizophrenia-like traits that may have conferred some evolutionary advantage.

Question 9

Schizophrenia exhibits two types of symptoms. The lack of affect in situations that call for it, poor motivation, and social withdrawal are all examples of _____ symptoms, whereas visual or auditory hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre thoughts are all examples of _____ symptoms.

Accepted Answer

Negative symptoms refer to a loss or decrease in normal functioning, which includes lack of emotions, motivation, and social withdrawal. Positive symptoms refer to the presence of abnormal experiences, which includes hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre thoughts. The other choices are not accurate descriptions of these symptoms.

Question 10

It has been suggested that individuals with autism fail to develop a(n)

Accepted Answer

Individuals with autism often have difficulty understanding the mental states and perspectives of others, which is referred to as a theory of mind. This can result in challenges with social communication and interaction.

Question 11

Andrews (2007) rejects the hypothesis that depression results from a novel reaction of the nervous system to the modern environment because depression is

Accepted Answer

Andrews argues that depression is not a novel reaction to the modern environment because it is seen in various animal species that have not undergone drastic environmental changes. This suggests that depression is not solely a product of modern human experience and is not exclusively influenced by environmental factors.

Question 12

Jung described the manner in which each stage of life brings forth a particular pattern of functioning, which he called a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jung described the manner in which each...

Question 13

Hughlings Jackson believed that in mental disorders such as schizophrenia, the higher systems were no longer _____ the lower ones, resulting in illusions, hallucinations, and delusions, a process he called "dissolution of the nervous system."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hughlings Jackson believed that in mental disorders...

Question 14

Studies on fear of snakes among wild-reared and lab-reared monkeys show that fear can be learned through _____, but only in relation to evolutionary important objects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies on fear of snakes among wild-reared...

Question 15

In Freudian theory, the experience of sexual and self-preservation instincts can come into conflict with the restrictive rules of society, leading to _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freudian theory, the experience of sexual...

Question 16

Bowlby laid out in great detail the manner in which evolutionarily significant processes such as _____ could, in certain circumstances, lead to anxiety rather than comfort; if an emotional caregiver were not present or a close connection could not be established, then the result was distress.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bowlby laid out in great detail the...

Question 17

_____ reflect a rigid, manipulative approach to dealing with social relationships, two common types being psychopaths and hysterics; from an evolutionary perspective, these people clearly qualify as "cheaters."

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ reflect a rigid, manipulative approach to...

Question 18

It has been noted that highly gifted and creative individuals manifest schizophrenic-like traits, referred to as _____ traits, without having the disorder.

Accepted Answer

The term used for highly gifted and creative individuals manifesting schizophrenic-like traits without having the disorder is "schizotypal traits". Archetypal refers to recurring symbols and patterns in literature and art, dissociative refers to a mental process of disconnecting from reality, and dysthymic refers to a type of depression.

Question 19

Individuals with _____ display problems in three areas: social functions, communications, and restrictions in behaviors and interests.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with autism typically display problems in the areas of social functions, communication, and restricted behaviors and interests. Multiple sclerosis affects the central nervous system and causes different symptoms such as weakness and difficulties with coordination, but it does not typically affect social functions, communication, or behavior. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking, but it does not necessarily involve problems in social functions, communication, or behaviors and interests. Williams syndrome is a genetic disorder that can affect different aspects of development, including social skills, language, and cognitive abilities, but it does not consistently involve restrictions in behaviors and interests.

Question 20

An important question for evolutionary psychologists is why schizophrenia _____, given that the disorder does not appear to have any reproductive advantage.

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists would question why schizophrenia has not been “selected out” over time, given that the disorder doesn’t seem to provide any adaptive advantage.

Quiz 14: Psychopathology