Question 1

A nurse is providing care to HIV positive care recipients living in sub-Saharan communities in Africa.Which of the following statements is correct concerning HIV/AIDS as viewed from an international perspective?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 36 million people worldwide are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with 25 million in sub-Saharan Africa, 3.9 million in South/Southeast Asia, 1.5 million in Latin America, 1.3 million in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 1.3 million in North America, 860,000 in Western/Central Europe, 880,000 in East Asia, 260,000 in the Middle East/North Africa, 250,000 in the Caribbean, and 51,000 in Oceania evidence also shows that cultural beliefs and practices are significant factors contributing to HIV infections.The majority of new cases in Africa stem from heterosexual transmission.HIV prevalence (not incidence) refers to the percentage of all cases (old and new) at a certain time point."Incidence" refers to the number of new HIV infections during a certain time period.

Question 2

The school nurse has been asked to present a workshop on CA-MRSA for high school teachers.Which of the following information would the nurse most likely include?

Accepted Answer

In the community setting, community-associated methicillin-resistant S aureus (CA-MRSA) strains have emerged as serious threats in the past two decades and can cause dermatitis and soft tissue infections with the ability to also cause fatal infections in the lungs (e.g., necrotizing pneumonia, purpura fulminans, and postviral toxic shock syndrome)
CA-MRSA is a highly contagious bacterial infection that is difficult to treat and can result in pneumonia and death.

Question 3

The school nurse has been asked to present a workshop on how to prevent CA-MRSA spread in the school.Which of the following interventions should be emphasized?

Accepted Answer

Persons who are generally healthy can contact the bacteria through close skin-to-skin contact, cuts or abrasions in the skin, crowded conditions, shared utilities (e.g., clothing items and towels), and poor hygiene.Also, those who are taking or have previously received antibiotic therapy have a greater risk of infections than those who do not have a history of previous antibiotic intake.Meticulous handwashing has been found to be important and is recommended as a cost-effective everyday practice.Handwashing is an effective way to prevent spread of the infection.In order to contract the infection, students must come into direct contact with an infected source, e.g., a draining wound or other source of infection.Emphasizing handwashing would be a good intervention for the nurse to emphasize and one which everyone can follow.Mandatory home confinement for infected persons would be an administrative or medical decision and thus not within the purview of the people who would be attending the nurse's workshop.

Question 4

A nurse using the four-step public health approach to respond to violence.Which of the following actions would occur as the nurse identifies risk and protective factors?

Accepted Answer

A "risk factor" is defined as "a characteristic that increases the likelihood of a person becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence," and a "protective factor" as "a characteristic that decreases the likelihood of a person becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence." Knowing risk and protective factors can help responsible organizations and personnel to estimate violence magnitudes and devise appropriate prevention measures.Examining characteristics of communities where violence has not occurred will help to elucidate what are the protective factors for this phenomenon.

Question 5

Which of the following information about anthrax is correct?

Accepted Answer

Anthrax is a bacillus that is not spread person-to-person contact.Rather it is spread by cutaneous contact or direct inhalation.An anthrax infection is treated by using ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, doxycycline, or penicillin for 60 days.

Question 6

The nurse is working at a crisis hotline center.Which of the following callers would be most at risk for suicide?

Accepted Answer

Previously, suicide rates had been highest among the male older adult.However, rates among young people ages 15 to 24 have been increasing to such an extent that suicide is the second leading cause of death in this age group in some developed and developing countries.Although major factors contributing to suicide in Europe and North America include mental disorders, especially depression, and alcohol use disorders, impulsiveness is found to be a major factor in Asian countries).Traditionally, older adults have a greater risk of committing suicide than do younger people, although the trend among persons in the 15 to 24 year old age group has been increasing in recent years.Major factors contributing to suicide in Europe and North America include mental disorders especially depression and alcohol use disorders.Choice C depicts a person with multiple risk factors.

Question 7

A nurse is working with UNAIDS to fight against HIV/AIDS at the global level.Which of the following activities would the nurse most likely be involved in?

Accepted Answer

UNAIDS has outlined three strategic directions: revolutionizing HIV prevention; catalyzing the next generation for treatment, care, and support; and advancing human rights and gender equality in responses to HIV.Providing treatment access for all HIV-positive individuals who need medication meets the strategic direction of catalyzing the next generation for treatment, care, and support.

Question 8

A nurse working on a post-partum unit of a large urban hospital has received a grant to begin a "Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative" developed by WHO.Which of the following statements would the nurse most likely make when explaining the major premises of the initiative to the unit manager?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of the initiative is to improve newborn nutrition by promoting breastfeeding of newborns through age 4 months.

Question 9

Which of the following projects would most likely be administered by International Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control (IMMPaCT) Program?

Accepted Answer

IMMPaCt provides its skills and resources toward working to eradicate vitamin and mineral deficiencies around the globe.The IMMPaCT program's activities include conducting surveys; providing micronutrients to infants, young children, and women of childbearing age; and monitoring and evaluating intervention systems.

Question 10

A nurse is working at a clinic in a third world country and suspects a child has severe acute malnutrition (SAM).Which of the following assessment findings would be expected?

Accepted Answer

Severe wasting is characterized by sunken eyes, visible ribs, and protruding shoulder blades.Children with severe wasting usually have a distended abdomen and general overall appearance in some way similar to an older adult.In general, these children are irritable, anxious, and cry easily; yet they will often have absence of tears while crying due to lachrymal gland atrophy.

Question 11

The school nurse is planning a workshop for high school students about interpersonal violence (IPV).Which of the following information would the nurse discuss as risk factors for IPV?

Accepted Answer

Other risk factors are reported to be lack of social support, dysfunctional family structure, family history of violence, and drug and alcohol abuse.Alcohol intoxication may increase violent actions by impairing the drinker's cognitive functions and processes through alterations of social cue perceptions and inhibitions.According to the Department of Justice, 37% of convicted offenders were drinking at the time of their arrest.Risk factors for IPV may include a victim's low self-esteem, low self-control, and personality/conduct disorders.Other risk factors are reported to be lack of social support, dysfunctional family structure, family history of violence, and drug and alcohol abuse.

Question 12

A nurse is determining if children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) should receive facility-based or community-based care.Which of the following children should receive care in the community?

Accepted Answer

When a child has a good appetite with no medical conditions (hypoglycemia, hypothermia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and/or infections), Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) under community-based care are appropriate.However, when a child does not have an appetite and/or medical conditions are present, the child needs to receive facility-based care (WHO/UNICEF, RUTF) are special milk-based foods which are soft, crushable, and tasty nutrient- and energy-rich foods that can be consumed by children six months or older.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about smallpox is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A rash from smallpox is most prominent on the face and extremities with the same stage of legion development.Additionally, smallpox symptoms usually resemble influenza symptoms.The smallpox rash is distinctive from the varicella rash.Side effects from the vaccination mostly involve a low fever, soreness in the injection area, and enlarged glands under the armpit.The last case of smallpox was in 1977.

Question 14

A nurse states that many community members are concerned about the increasing number of natural disasters that have been occurring in the United States.Which of the following would the community members be referring to?

Accepted Answer

Natural disasters phenomena that occur through natural forces involving land, air, or water, and they often have large-scale negative impacts on humans who live in the affected areas.Examples of natural disasters include tsunamis, earthquakes, floods, landslides, mudslides, tornadoes, hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons, wildfires, volcano eruptions, extreme heat, winter weather, and others.The other choices depict scenarios arising from human causes.

Question 15

A nurse is encouraging members of the community to advocate for the prevention of premature deaths in children under the age of 5 at the international level.Which of the following interventions would most likely be discussed by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Protein-energy malnutrition can be severely harmful to the mental and physical development of individuals, especially young children under the age of 5.Worldwide, one out of two deaths among children younger than 5 years old stems from protein-energy malnutrition.The other choices, while all beneficial, would not have as great an impact.

Question 16

A nurse is working in the emergency department (ED).Which of the following situations would cause the nurse to suspect bioterrorism?

Accepted Answer

Flaccid paralysis is a symptom of botulism.The other examples are common problems for which people seek health care.

Question 17

Which of the following age groups is experiencing the greatest increase in suicide rates?

Accepted Answer

Suicide rates among people aged 15 to 24 have been increasing to such an extent that they are the second leading cause of death in this age group in some developed and developing countries.

Question 18

A hurricane has just caused extensive damage within a local community.Which of the following are community members at risk to experience?

Accepted Answer

Victims of natural disasters tend to have limited access to essential infrastructures for survival related to food, water, shelter, and sanitation.Infection outbreaks commonly diagnosed after natural disasters include diarrhea, acute respiratory infections, viral hepatitis, and snail and trematode infections.

Question 19

A nurse is using the four-step public health approach to address violence in the community.Using the four-step public health approach designed by WHO, which of the following actions would the nurse take first?

Accepted Answer

The WHO has proposed a four-step public health approach which includes: defining the problem; identifying risks and protective factors; devising and testing means of dealing with violence; and applying successful means on a large scale.Defining the problem is the first step in this process.Examination of different data sources are needed to understand the magnitude of the problem, i.e., to define the problem.

Question 20

Which of the following statements are correct concerning natural disasters?

Accepted Answer

Examples of natural disasters include tsunamis, earthquakes, floods, landslides, mudslides, tornadoes, hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons, wildfires, volcano eruptions, extreme heat, winter weather, and others victims tend to have limited access to essential infrastructures for survival related to food, water, shelter, and sanitation.These deficiencies can lead to infections and undernutrition.PTSD among the victims still lasted 13 years later.Natural disasters are not limited to damage from water-based causes.Wildfires, volcanoes, earthquakes, heat, winter all can bring about natural disasters.They occur in all countries throughout the globe although resources may be more limited in developing countries.The effects of PSTD can be quite long lasting regardless of the source of trauma.

Quiz 25: Health Promotion in the Twenty-First Century