Question 1

A positive reference group

Accepted Answer

A positive reference group is a group that is psychologically significant for a person and which the person conforms to. This group can also be a membership group, meaning that the person is a member of the group. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Question 2

While the process of controlling others through domination is referred to as power,the process of mobilising others to attain a common goal is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Leadership involves inspiring and guiding a group towards a common objective, rather than using force or domination to control them. Compliance, obedience, and motivation can all play a role in leadership, but they are not synonymous with it.

Question 3

Edward believes that Raewyn has informational power.This is because

Accepted Answer

Edward believes that Raewyn has more information than him, indicating that he perceives her to have informational power. The other options do not necessarily imply informational power.

Question 4

Kelly is a student.However,she does not socialise with fellow students (as she thinks they are childish)nor does she have lunch at the student cafeteria.Instead,she dresses in suits and has lunch at a nearby café frequented by executive types.The category of 'student group' for her is probably a

Accepted Answer

Kelly is a member of the student group (membership group) but perceives it negatively, as she avoids socializing with them and prefers to associate with executives, making it also a negative reference group.

Question 5

Some forms of social influence bring about a surface change in behaviour but no internal change in attitudes.This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Compliance is a type of social influence where an individual changes their behaviour but does not necessarily change their underlying attitudes or beliefs. It is often driven by a desire to fit in or avoid discomfort in social situations, rather than a genuine change in belief. Obedience and conformity can also result in a change in behaviour, but obedience involves following orders from an authority figure and conformity involves adjusting behaviour to match the norms of a group. Conversion, on the other hand, involves a deep and lasting change in beliefs or attitudes.

Question 6

A poster of the Brown Eyed Beans adorns Nicky's bedroom wall.Although Nicky's voice is not the best,she does sing their songs,and she wears a jacket modelled on that worn by members of the band.For Nicky,the Brown Eyed Beans are a(n)

Accepted Answer

Nicky looks up to the Brown Eyed Beans as a positive reference group, as evidenced by her admiration for their music and fashion. She may not necessarily identify as a member of the group or have personal relationships with its members, but she sees them as a source of inspiration and influence.

Question 7

According to Raven (1965),referent power is exerted by someone

Accepted Answer

Raven's concept of referent power is based on the idea that it is exerted by someone who others identify with, find attractive, and respect. Therefore, all the choices (A, B, and C) are correct and contribute to the exertion of referent power.

Question 8

According to Moscovici (1976),an important prerequisite for coercive compulsion and compliance is that the source of social influence is perceived by the target of social influence to have

Accepted Answer

Moscovici (1976) identifies power as an important prerequisite for coercive compulsion and compliance. This suggests that the target of social influence must perceive that the source of influence has the ability to enforce compliance or punish non-compliance in order for them to comply. Positive emotion, eloquence, or rewards may influence the target's decision, but they are not necessarily prerequisites for coercive compulsion and compliance.

Question 9

Groups to which an individual belongs by objective criteria or social consensus are called

Accepted Answer

Membership groups are defined as groups to which a person belongs based on objective criteria or social consensus. These groups may include organizations or communities to which a person belongs, such as a church, club, or professional association.

Question 10

Public compliance

Accepted Answer

Public compliance can be an outcome of persuasion, where a person voluntarily changes their behavior to align with a request or suggestion. However, it can also be a result of coercion, where a person feels compelled to comply due to threats or fear of consequences. Public compliance refers to a surface change in behavior because it may not reflect genuine internal attitude or belief change but rather a temporary adjustment to external pressures. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Question 11

Compliance,obedience and conformity

Accepted Answer

Compliance, obedience, and conformity are all types of social influence, which is the process by which individuals and groups change each other's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Compliance refers to the act of adjusting one's behavior in response to a request from another person, while obedience involves following the commands of an authority figure. Conformity refers to the tendency to adjust one's beliefs and behaviors to match those of a particular group or social norm. While these concepts can be related to different stages in a series of social pressures, they are primarily categorized as types of social influence.

Question 12

'Compliance' refers to

Accepted Answer

Compliance refers to a change in behavior and expressed attitudes that occurs as a result of external pressure or influence from others, rather than an internal change in mindset or belief.

Question 13

Stevie only brushes his teeth at night when reminded by his father.Otherwise he hops straight into bed with a book.Stevie's dental hygiene is an example of

Accepted Answer

Stevie's behavior is not necessarily the result of internalizing the importance of brushing his teeth, but rather a response to external pressure and authority figures. This type of behavior is called compliance, where an individual complies with the request or direction of another person.

Question 14

Conformity

Accepted Answer

Conformity is based on the subjective validity of social norms, meaning that people follow the norms because they believe them to be important and necessary for social acceptance. Constant surveillance is not required for conformity, and true internal change is not always produced by conformity.

Question 15

As a result of what we know about Kelly from the previous question,she will _________ to/with student norms but ___________ to/with executive-type norms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a result of what we know...

Question 16

In considering the concepts of leadership and power,research now indicates that

Accepted Answer

While leadership and power both involve social influence, they can still be differentiated. Leadership is more about guiding and directing others towards a common goal, while power refers to the ability to control or influence others. It is possible for a leader to have power, but not all leaders necessarily exercise or rely on power to lead. Furthermore, leadership can involve different types of power, such as expert power or referent power, in addition to informational power.

Question 17

A collection of individuals who are significant for a person's attitude and behaviour both in a positive as well as a negative sense is termed

Accepted Answer

A collection of individuals who are significant for a person's attitude and behaviour both in a positive as well as a negative sense is termed as a reference group. A control group is a group of individuals that serves as a comparison against a treatment group in an experiment. A membership group is a group to which a person belongs either formally or informally, while a significance level is a statistical term used to determine the probability of obtaining a result due to chance.

Question 18

Mr Swine is the owner of a new shoe factory.He can threaten,or even punish,his predominantly immigrant and female factory workers if they make mistakes.Mr Swine's power is

Accepted Answer

Mr Swine's power is based on his ability to use threats and punishments to control his workers, which is a characteristic of coercive power. Delegated power refers to power given to an individual by a higher authority, while referent power is based on the respect and admiration that others have for an individual. Illegitimate power refers to power that is obtained through unethical or illegal means, which is not described in this scenario.

Question 19

An experimental finding by Bochner and Insko (1966)that information is more readily accepted when presented by a Nobel Prize-winning personality is an illustration of

Accepted Answer

The experimental finding that information is more readily accepted when presented by a Nobel Prize-winning personality illustrates expert power. Expert power is a type of power that stems from an individual's perceived expertise, knowledge or skills. In this case, the Nobel Prize-winning personality is perceived as an expert in their field, and therefore their opinion or information they provide is more likely to be accepted by others.

Question 20

Mindy thinks that Marvin knows more than her and is also more skilled.For her,Marvin holds

Accepted Answer

Expert power refers to power that comes from knowledge, skill or expertise in a particular area. Mindy thinks that Marvin has more knowledge and skill than her, which gives him expert power over her.

Quiz 7: Social Influence