Question 1

The pediatric nurse explains to a student that which actions are most important in preventing and controlling infections? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Prevention and control of infections,especially communicable diseases,centers around surveillance,public education,and immunization.

Question 2

The student studying pediatric infectious diseases recognizes that the epidemiological triangle consists of which concepts? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The epidemiological triangle consists of the agent,the environment,and the host.Communicable period is the time during which the child can transmit the disease to others.Virulence refers to the severity of the health problems caused by the agent.

Question 3

An 8-year-old child is in the clinic and is diagnosed with ringworm.Which medications does the nurse anticipate teaching the child and parents about? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A child diagnosed with ringworm will require teaching regarding antifungal medications.Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)and ketaconazole (Selenium)are appropriate medications to include in the teaching session.The other medications are not used to treat ringworm.

Question 4

The pediatric clinic nurse assesses a child who reports swallowing problems and skin changes on the hands in response to cold exposure.Which other manifestations will the nurses assess for in this child? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

This child has two manifestations referred to as CREST syndrome (Raynaud's phenomenon and esophageal dysmotility).The other three signs are calcinosis (formation of calcium deposits under the skin),sclerodactyly (stiff skin over the hands),and telangiectasias (tiny broken capillaries on skin).Fungal nail infections and oral thrush are not related.

Question 5

A nurse is caring for an HIV-positive school-age child who is moderately malnourished.Which interventions are appropriate to include in this child's plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

There are several good strategies for improving nutrition.Assess the oral cavity for mouth sores that make it difficult and painful to eat.Frequent oral care helps reduce the possibility of these lesions occurring.Adequate fluids will help maintain intact oral mucosa.Of course,giving a child favorite foods will increase the likelihood of the child eating.The risks associated with tube feedings are high and not appropriate for a child with mild to moderate malnutrition.

Question 6

The family practice nurse counsels parents to avoid giving their child salicylates for fever or mild pain.Which over-the-counter medications does the nurse warn about that contain this product? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Many over-the-counter medications contain salicylates.Common medications include Alka-Seltzer,Bufferin,Dristan,and Kaopectate.Robitussin is not on this list.

Question 7

The pediatric nurse is aware of the Core Strategies to reduce the spread of MRSA.Which actions do these strategies include? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

There are several core strategies to prevent the spread of MRSA,including assessing hand-hygiene practices,implementing contact precautions,rapid reporting of MRSA laboratory results,recognizing previously colonized patients,and educating health-care providers.Screening all patients is not one of the core strategies.

Question 8

A nurse is educating a community group of parents about prevention of West Nile virus.Which information does the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

West Nile is most prevalent in late summer and early fall.Standing water is a breeding ground for mosquitoes and should be eliminated.Long sleeves and pant legs help keep mosquito bites from occurring on the arms and legs.Mosquito repellants containing DEET are most effective in preventing mosquito bites.Holistic methods are not as effective.Children under the age of 2 years should not have DEET sprayed onto their skin;rather,it should be applied to their clothing.

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a 15-year-old suspected of having HIV infection.Which laboratory tests does the nurse anticipate will be ordered for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The two major diagnostic tests for HIV infection are the ELISA,and if positive,the confirmatory Western blot test.Urine and oral fluid testing is available but is not as accurate.IgA testing is not related.

Question 10

A child has been hospitalized with rubeola.Which actions by the nursing staff are most important? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Appropriate nursing care for the child with rubeola includes assessing the child's mouth for Koplik's spots,providing comfort for photophobia by darkening the room,and reporting the disease to authorities.Rubeola is a viral disease not treated with antibiotics.Fever is moderate and seizures are not usually seen.

Quiz 25: Caring for the Child With an Immunological or Infectious Condition