Question 1

Jessie becomes furious when her favourite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent. According to Freud's model of the mind, her "id" would unconsciously feel:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's model of the mind, the "id" is the part that contains our primitive instincts and desires, including aggression. Therefore, option A, "I'm so angry I could kill that player," best describes the unconscious thoughts and impulses that Jessie's "id" would be feeling in response to her favourite hockey player being intentionally hurt.

Question 2

People who depend economically on agriculture tend to:

Accepted Answer

Agriculture often requires cooperation between farmers to share resources and labor, leading to a culture of cooperation. While agriculture may require vigilance to protect crops from pests and other threats, this does not necessarily translate to postures of extreme vigilance. Likewise, while reputation is important to many people, it is not necessarily true that those who depend economically on agriculture are more prone to becoming inflamed if their reputations are threatened. While a culture of honor may exist in agricultural societies, it is not necessarily a universal trait.

Question 3

In psychoanalysis, the psychic energy that fuels sexuality and life instincts is called the:

Accepted Answer

In psychoanalysis, the psychic energy that fuels sexuality and life instincts is known as the libido. The other options such as superego and ego are different parts of the psyche according to Freudian theory, and the id is the unconscious part of the psyche responsible for instinctual impulses.

Question 4

Theorists within the psychodynamic tradition would agree that:

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic tradition emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences in shaping adult personality, suggesting that the first five years of life are particularly influential. This view is reflected in option C. Option A is incorrect because psychodynamic theorists view human behavior as being influenced by unconscious forces, rather than rational decision making. Option B is incorrect because psychodynamic theorists have emphasized that personality development is characterized by stages and transitions, rather than being a smooth and continuous process. Option D is incorrect because psychodynamic theory often relies on subjective methods, such as free association and dream interpretation.

Question 5

According to our textbook, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The statement "cultures that expect children to be responsible for many tasks, such as taking care of younger siblings, tend to have children that are egoistic rather than altruistic" is not true according to the textbook. In fact, children in these cultures often exhibit more prosocial behavior and a stronger sense of responsibility towards others.

Question 6

Which component of personality is present at birth and is the reservoir of unconscious psychological energies and the motives to avoid pain and obtain pleasure?

Accepted Answer

The id is the component of personality that is present at birth and is the reservoir of unconscious psychological energies and the motives to avoid pain and obtain pleasure. It operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of desires without regard for social norms or consequences. The development of the ego and superego later on in childhood helps to manage and regulate the impulses of the id.

Question 7

The personality theory that is most embedded in popular culture is:

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud and popularized by his followers, has had a significant impact on popular culture, particularly in terms of the notion of the unconscious mind and defense mechanisms such as projection, displacement, and repression. Many people are familiar with concepts like the Oedipus complex, Freudian slips, and the idea of splitting the self into the id, ego, and superego.

Question 8

A psychologist identifies herself as a psychodynamic personality theorist. She is most likely to believe that:

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic personality theory emphasizes the influence of inner forces on behavior and personality development. According to this perspective, unconscious thoughts and feelings motivate behavior and shape personality, often stemming from early childhood experiences. This approach differs from behaviorism (A), which emphasizes the role of environmental reinforcement, and trait theory (B and C), which prioritizes genetic or temperamental predispositions.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an emphasis shared by all psychodynamic theories?

Accepted Answer

All psychodynamic theories emphasize the role of early childhood experiences and unconscious processes within the mind, as well as how these shape current behaviors and personality. However, none of them suggest that ongoing problems are solely caused by adult experiences. In fact, psychodynamic theories often posit that current experiences activate unresolved conflicts and unresolved childhood issues.

Question 10

Psychodynamic theories share all of the following general elements EXCEPT a/an:

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic theories place a heavy emphasis on the unconscious and subconscious processes within the mind, rather than conscious processes. Therefore, option C is the odd one out as it contradicts this fundamental aspect of psychodynamic theories.

Question 11

The term "culture of honour" is used to describe:

Accepted Answer

The term "culture of honour" is commonly associated with Western males, particularly in the United States. It refers to a social code where one's reputation and respect are highly valued, leading to a willingness to defend oneself and one's honour with violence if necessary.

Question 12

In a study comparing Japanese and Americans, the Japanese reported that their sense of self changes ________ in different situations, whereas the Americans said that ________ of their sense of self changes in different situations.

Accepted Answer

The Japanese reported that a very small percentage (5-10%) of their sense of self changes in different situations, whereas the Americans said that a large percentage (90-99%) of their sense of self changes in different situations. This highlights a cultural difference in individualism and collectivism. Americans are more likely to see themselves as separate and distinct from their social context, while the Japanese see themselves as connected and interdependent with their social context.

Question 13

In psychoanalysis, the part of the personality that represents reason, good sense, and rational self-control is called the:

Accepted Answer

The ego is the part of the personality that represents reason, good sense, and rational self-control. It mediates between the conflicting demands of the id and the superego, and its primary function is to find realistic ways to satisfy the id's impulses in ways that are consistent with the values of the superego and the demands of the external world.

Answer: D 
 The superego represents the internalized norms and values of society and the individual's own conscience. It is responsible for enforcing moral standards and inhibiting the id's impulses. While the superego is concerned with what is right and proper, it can be overly rigid and demanding, leading to feelings of guilt and anxiety when the individual fails to live up to its ideals.

Question 14

In psychoanalysis, the part of the personality containing inherited psychological energy is called the:

Accepted Answer

The id is the part of the personality according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory that consists of our most basic and primitive impulses, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire. It is considered to be the reservoir of psychological energy or drives that are inherited at birth.

Answer: D
 The libido is defined as the energy or drive that powers the sexual instinct of the id. It is part of Freud's psychoanalytic theory and is a central concept in the theory of personality. It is considered to be the source of all human psychological energy or desire.

Question 15

Which component of personality represents morality and parental authority?

Accepted Answer

The superego is the component of personality that represents morality and parental authority. It is responsible for enforcing moral standards and societal norms, as well as regulating impulses and desires that conflict with those standards.

Question 16

The first theory of psychodynamic personality was developed by:

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is credited with developing the first theory of psychodynamic personality, which focused on the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, and the role of sexuality in shaping personality.

Question 17

Which component of personality is a referee between the needs of instinct and the demands of society?

Accepted Answer

The ego serves as the mediator between the impulses of the id (instinctual needs and desires) and the societal norms and values represented by the superego. It helps individuals make rational and realistic decisions that take both internal and external factors into account.

Question 18

Americans estimate that their sense of self changes about ________ in different situations, while Japanese estimate that their sense of self changes ________.

Accepted Answer

According to research, Americans estimate that their sense of self changes by 5-10% in different situations, while Japanese estimate that their sense of self changes by 90-99%. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 19

Freud's theory is called psychodynamic because it emphasizes the:

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory emphasizes the movement of psychological energy within the person, in the form of attachments, conflicts, and motivations, which he referred to as the "psychodynamic" aspect of personality.

Question 20

During a job interview, Dr. Klenow informs the search committee that she is a psychodynamic theorist. Given this information, the committee realizes that Dr. Klenow emphasizes the fact that:

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic theory emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and their impact on adult personality. This is reflected in choice A, which states that the first five years are of particular importance in shaping personality. The other choices do not reflect the focus of psychodynamic theory.

Quiz 14: Theories of Personality