Question 1

Which of the following is more hazardous to health than a heavy work load?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that cynical anger or hostility is a more hazardous trait to health than a heavy workload. It has been linked to increased risk for heart disease and other health problems. The other options (frequent irritability, highly reactive response to challenge, and a sense of time urgency) may also have negative impacts on health, but they are not necessarily more hazardous than a heavy work load.

Question 2

Applying the research of health psychologists, it would be best if people:

Accepted Answer

Health psychologists recommend that disclosing one's personal traumas and fears to a trusted person can have therapeutic benefits such as reducing stress, anxiety and depression. This can also strengthen social support networks and improve overall well-being.

Question 3

A study of the autobiographies of 180 Catholic nuns, written when they were about 22 years old, demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

The study found that the frequency of positive emotions expressed in the autobiographies was related to the nuns' longevity, indicating that those who expressed more positive emotions tended to live longer. The study did not find a relationship between religious commitment, standard of living, or age at entry into the convent and general health over a lifetime or Alzheimer's disease.

Question 4

The Type A behaviour that is dangerous to health is:

Accepted Answer

The type A behaviour component that is particularly dangerous to health is cynical hostility, which refers to a general mistrust of others, a tendency to be critical and resentful, and an overall negative outlook on life. This hostility has been linked to higher rates of heart disease and other health problems. While the other three behaviours listed may also be associated with type A behaviour, they do not have as strong a connection to negative health outcomes as cynical hostility.

Question 5

Suzi and her boyfriend, Clint, both see marriage in their future. Unfortunately, they are not in agreement regarding the timing of the event. Whether they are getting married in one year or three years is of great emotional importance to both of them. Suzi tends to express these matters to others, whereas Clint tends to suppress his feelings. It is likely that:

Accepted Answer

Clint's tendency to suppress his feelings is likely to result in internalized stress, which can lead to physical symptoms such as muscle tension, headaches, and gastrointestinal issues. This is a common response to stress and is known as the "fight or flight" response. On the other hand, Suzi's tendency to express her feelings may actually help her to cope with stress more effectively, as it allows her to vent her emotions and seek support from others. However, this does not necessarily mean that she will experience physical symptoms as a result of her coping style.

Question 6

People with a Type A personality:

Accepted Answer

Type A personalities are typically characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and a strong desire to achieve goals. Therefore, they are determined to achieve. Option A is incorrect because Type A personalities tend to show quick physiological responses to challenge. Option B is incorrect because Type A personalities are typically not patient and may have a pessimistic outlook. Option C is incorrect because while they may appear calm on the surface, they are often intense and driven internally.

Question 7

There is good evidence that:

Accepted Answer

There is evidence suggesting that negative emotions such as stress, anger, and anxiety can have an impact on the course of illness, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and asthma. However, there is no evidence that anger directly causes heart attacks, and depression does not cause cancer. While determination to succeed can have a positive impact on overall health, there is no evidence suggesting it directly affects the cardiovascular system.

Question 8

Phyllis knew that it would be difficult attending a college 2,000 miles away from friends and family. She has many worries but doesn't know anyone well enough to feel comfortable opening up. Which of the following would be the healthiest solution for her?

Accepted Answer

Writing down her feelings in a diary is a healthy way for Phyllis to release her worries and emotions without having to confide in someone she doesn't know well. It can also help her gain clarity and perspective on her situation. Transferring to a college closer to home or getting an on-campus job to meet people may be helpful, but it doesn't directly address her feelings of homesickness and isolation. Beginning an exercise program may also be beneficial for her overall well-being, but it doesn't provide a solution for her social and emotional concerns.

Question 9

An effective way to deal with negative emotions is to:

Accepted Answer

Confessing negative emotions to someone else can help to process and release them, providing a sense of relief and support.

Question 10

Which of the following is a type of white blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer cells are a type of white blood cell that are part of the innate immune system and are responsible for recognizing and destroying abnormal cells such as infected cells or cancer cells. Antigens, helper B cells, and antibodies are all components of the adaptive immune system, not specific types of white blood cells.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about optimism and pessimism is true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that optimism is associated with better health outcomes, including a longer lifespan. Optimists tend to have healthier habits such as exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding risky behaviors such as smoking and excessive drinking. Pessimists, on the other hand, tend to have a more negative outlook on life, which can increase stress levels and lead to unhealthy behaviors.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

While Type A personality is a risk factor for heart disease, it is not the only risk factor. Other factors such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol also contribute to heart disease.

Question 13

________ try to deny feelings of anxiety, anger, or fear and pretend that everything is fine.

Accepted Answer

Suppressors are individuals who try to deny or suppress their feelings of anxiety, anger, or fear and pretend that everything is fine. Externals tend to attribute their problems to external factors, while optimists tend to have a positive outlook and focus on solutions. Pessimists tend to have a negative outlook and anticipate negative outcomes.

Question 14

Abner has a Type A personality. Which of the following is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Type A personality traits include being competitive, ambitious, and highly motivated to achieve goals. Therefore, option B, which states that Abner is determined to achieve, is the most likely trait associated with a Type A personality. Options A, C, and D do not align with the typical characteristics of a Type A personality.

Question 15

Taylor can't believe that her boyfriend wants to see other women after two years of exclusive dating. She tries to banish all thoughts of him from her mind, but it doesn't seem to be working. Her strategy is not effective because:

Accepted Answer

By trying to actively avoid the thoughts of her boyfriend, Taylor is actually bringing those thoughts to the forefront of her mind more frequently. This is known as the "process of thought suppression." Research has shown that trying to repress or avoid unwanted thoughts actually increases their frequency and intensity in our minds. Therefore, Taylor's strategy of trying to banish thoughts of her boyfriend is not effective in helping her move on from the situation.

Question 16

Since health and well-being are linked to explanatory style, it is important to note that optimists:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that optimists tend to approach problems actively and through problem-solving strategies, whereas pessimists tend to avoid problem-solving and tend to focus more on negative aspects.

Question 17

Research on the link between depression and illness has shown that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on the link between depression and...

Question 18

The characteristic of Type A people that seems most to put those people at risk is:

Accepted Answer

Hostility is considered the most significant risk factor for health problems among Type A individuals, particularly in relation to heart disease.

Question 19

When the handwritten autobiographies of 180 Catholic nuns were studied, the researchers found that:

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that 22-year-old nuns expressing positive emotions lived, on average, nine years longer than the nuns with the fewest positive feelings at age 22. This suggests that positive emotions at a young age can have a significant impact on longevity. Option A and B are incorrect as they suggest that it is the standard of living and certain emotions throughout adulthood that have a more significant impact on longevity, which is not supported by the study. Option D is incorrect as the study did find a correlation between early positive emotions and longevity.

Question 20

In addition to confession, another important way of letting go of negative emotions is:

Accepted Answer

Forgiveness is an important way of letting go of negative emotions. By forgiving those who have wronged us, we release the anger and resentment we may be holding onto. This can be a difficult process, but it ultimately leads to healing and peace of mind. Ignoring the emotions or seeking revenge may temporarily mask the negative feelings, but they do not lead to resolution or growth. Absolution is also related to confession and may involve seeking forgiveness from a higher power, but it typically does not involve forgiving others.

Quiz 11: Emotion, Stress, and Health