Question 1

Sherry is thinking about her trip to the store yesterday. This memory is in her _______ mind.
A)preconscious
B)conscious
C)postconscious
D)unconscious

Accepted Answer

The conscious mind involves thoughts and memories that we are actively aware of, such as recalling a recent trip to the store.

Question 2

Which is an illustration of the defense mechanism "repression"?
A)Mary witnessed the death of her child but cannot remember it.
B)Mark wants to remember what he ate for lunch but is not sure whether it was tuna or hamburger.
C)Michael tells people he did not cheat in high school but knows it is unTrue.
D)Rachel thought about going to a party, but her mother forced her to stay home.

Accepted Answer

Repression is a defense mechanism where a person unconsciously blocks out traumatic or painful memories. In this scenario, Mary witnessed the death of her child, but repressed the memory of it and cannot remember it.

Question 3

Which theories emphasize unconscious motives and inner conflicts?
A)humanistic
B)existential
C)psychoanalytic
D)learning

Accepted Answer

Theories that emphasize unconscious motives and inner conflicts fall under the psychoanalytic perspective, which includes Freudian theory and other related theories. Humanistic and existential theories are more focused on individual growth and personal responsibility, while learning theories focus on how behavior is acquired and shaped through environmental factors.

Question 4

Priscilla is a psychologist. When she says that someone has a "personality," what is she referring to?
A)The person's lively and bubbly demeanor.
B)The person's tendency to act shyly in some situations and gregariously in other situations.
C)The person's stable pattern of emotions, motives, and behavior.
D)The person's behavioral characteristics that make them similar to their family members.

Accepted Answer

A personality refers to the stable pattern of emotions, motives, and behavior that define an individual and distinguish that person from other individuals. Personality is considered to be enduring and stable over time and across a range of situations. Thus, when Priscilla is referring to someone's "personality," she is likely talking about their characteristic patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that are relatively consistent over time and across different situations.

Question 5

Based on Freud's theory, a traumatic childhood event that was repressed is stored at the ___________ level.
A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)subconscious
D)unconscious

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, traumatic childhood events that were repressed are stored in the unconscious level of the mind, which is inaccessible to conscious awareness. The unconscious holds memories, thoughts, and impulses that are too painful or unacceptable to be consciously processed.

Question 6

According to Freud, the three levels of consciousness are
A)conscious, subconscious, and unconscious.
B)conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
C)postconscious, conscious, and preconscious.
D)conscious, preconscious, and subconscious.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that human consciousness is divided into three levels: the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The conscious level includes thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that we are currently aware of. The preconscious level includes thoughts and memories that are not currently in awareness but can be easily accessed if needed. The unconscious level includes thoughts, feelings, and memories that are deeply repressed and are not accessible to conscious awareness without psychoanalysis.

Question 7

Freud found that odd medical disorders, such as the loss of feeling in one's hand, often disappeared when individuals __________________.
A)were put under hypnosis
B)were persuaded to repress anxiety-evoking experiences
C)recalled and discussed stressful events
D)satisfied the needs of the id

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory suggested that odd medical disorders often had underlying psychological causes. He found that when individuals recalled and discussed stressful events that may have caused their symptoms, they were able to release the repressed emotions and the physical symptoms disappeared.

Question 8

Anna has been in a car accident in which her best friend died. Six months later, she cannot even remember that the accident occurred. This event is probably in her __________ mind.
A)hyperconscious
B)subterfuge
C)unconscious
D)conscious

Accepted Answer

The fact that Anna cannot remember the car accident six months later suggests that the event is stored in her unconscious mind, which is inaccessible to her conscious awareness.

Question 9

Thoughts that are completely hidden from our awareness would, according to Freud, be contained in our __________ mind.
A)active
B)conscious
C)post-conscious
D)unconscious

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, thoughts that are completely hidden from our awareness would be contained in our unconscious mind.

Question 10

Freud said that the mind is composed of which three parts?
A)metaconscious, semi-conscious, catatonic
B)post-conscious, mid-conscious, lateral-conscious
C)metabolism, anabolism, catabolism
D)unconscious, preconscious, conscious

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the mind has three parts: unconscious, preconscious, and conscious. The unconscious includes thoughts, emotions, and memories that are not currently in conscious awareness. The preconscious contains information that can easily be brought into conscious awareness, such as memories or thoughts that are just outside of our conscious thoughts. The conscious part of the mind is what we are currently aware of, including our thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.

Question 11

The automatic ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from awareness is
A)resistance.
B)psychoanalysis.
C)repression.
D)preconscious.

Accepted Answer

The automatic ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from awareness is known as repression. It involves pushing unacceptable thoughts, desires, or memories out of conscious awareness and into the unconscious mind. Resistance (A) is a term used in psychoanalysis to refer to a patient's reluctance to discuss certain topics or memories. Psychoanalysis (B) is a therapeutic approach that focuses on exploring and resolving unconscious conflicts. The preconscious (D) refers to information that is not currently in conscious awareness but could be easily retrieved if necessary.

Question 12

According to Freud, drives such as _______ and ________ come into conflict with laws, social rules and moral codes.
A)the need for food; the need for shelter
B)sex; aggression
C)the need for intellectual stimulation; the need for superiority
D)aggression; the need for self-actualization

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, human behavior is driven by unconscious psychological conflicts and instincts, particularly the two primary drives of sex and aggression (also known as the life and death instincts). These drives can often come into conflict with societal norms, laws, and moral codes, leading to psychological distress and maladaptive behaviors. Thus, option B is the correct answer as it mentions the two specific drives that are believed to be at the root of these conflicts.

Question 13

According to the _______________ theories, the personality is characterized by a dynamic struggle or conflict.
A)trait
B)learning
C)psychodynamic
D)humanistic

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic theories emphasize the role of unconscious conflicts and motivations in shaping personality, which leads to a dynamic struggle or conflict within individuals.

Question 14

Sigmund Freud was the first to develop a __________ theory of personality.
A)behavioral
B)humanistic
C)psychodynamic
D)cognitive

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is the founder of the psychodynamic theory of personality, which suggests that our behavior and personality are influenced by unconscious thoughts and unresolved conflicts from our early childhood experiences. Freud's theory includes concepts like the id, ego, superego, and psychosexual stages of development.

Question 15

Freud's concept of the conscious is to _______________ as the unconscious is to _______________.
A)mystery; instincts
B)instincts; awareness
C)awareness; non-awareness
D)fears; awareness

Accepted Answer

Freud's concept of the conscious refers to our awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, while the unconscious refers to the aspects of our mind that are not currently in our awareness. Therefore, the best choice is C, where the conscious is linked with awareness and the unconscious is linked with non-awareness.

Question 16

Which best illustrates the concept of the "preconscious mind"?
A)thoughts that are about the future
B)images that cannot be translated into words
C)thoughts that are out of awareness but can be made conscious
D)the entire "human iceberg" as described by Freud

Accepted Answer

The preconscious mind refers to thoughts and experiences that are not currently in our awareness but can be easily brought into consciousness with a little effort, such as memories or things we could easily recall if prompted.

Question 17

What is the removal of anxiety-provoking ideas from awareness called?
A)catalysis
B)reaction formation
C)repression
D)regression

Accepted Answer

The removal of anxiety-provoking ideas from awareness is called repression. This defense mechanism involves pushing unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or memories out of conscious awareness and into the unconscious.

Question 18

Freud concluded that the mind is like a(n) _______________.
A)iceberg
B)mountain
C)lake
D)stream

Accepted Answer

Freud famously used the metaphor of an iceberg to describe the mind, with the conscious mind being the tip of the iceberg above the water and the larger portion of the mind, including the unconscious, being hidden beneath the surface.

Question 19

Reasonably stable patterns of actions, feelings, and motives are referred to as
A)cognitions.
B)personality.
C)lability.
D)emotions.

Accepted Answer

Reasonably stable patterns of actions, feelings, and motives are referred to as personality. Cognitions refer to thought processes and beliefs, lability refers to instability, and emotions refer to temporary feelings or mood states.

Question 20

According to Freud, your telephone number is stored at the _________ level.
A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)subconscious
D)unconscious

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of the mind, the preconscious level is where information is stored that is not currently in the conscious awareness, but can easily be brought to conscious awareness with a little effort, such as your telephone number. The subconscious and unconscious are deeper levels of the mind where repressed memories and desires are stored.

Quiz 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement

Sherry is thinking about her trip to the store yesterday. This memory is in her _______ mind.

Which is an illustration of the defense mechanism "repression"?

Which theories emphasize unconscious motives and inner conflicts?

Priscilla is a psychologist. When she says that someone has a "personality," what is she referring to?

Based on Freud's theory, a traumatic childhood event that was repressed is stored at the ___________ level.

According to Freud, the three levels of consciousness are

Freud found that odd medical disorders, such as the loss of feeling in one's hand, often disappeared when individuals __________________.

Anna has been in a car accident in which her best friend died. Six months later, she cannot even remember that the accident occurred. This event is probably in her __________ mind.

Thoughts that are completely hidden from our awareness would, according to Freud, be contained in our __________ mind.

Freud said that the mind is composed of which three parts?

The automatic ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from awareness is

According to Freud, drives such as _ and __ come into conflict with laws, social rules and moral codes.

According to the _______________ theories, the personality is characterized by a dynamic struggle or conflict.

Sigmund Freud was the first to develop a __________ theory of personality.

Freud's concept of the conscious is to _ as the unconscious is to _.

Which best illustrates the concept of the "preconscious mind"?

What is the removal of anxiety-provoking ideas from awareness called?

Freud concluded that the mind is like a(n) _______________.

Reasonably stable patterns of actions, feelings, and motives are referred to as

According to Freud, your telephone number is stored at the _________ level.