Question 1

William's mother moved the lamp that was beside his crib.When William woke up and noticed the lamp was gone, he screamed and would NOT stop until the lamp was moved back.What is William's behaviour characteristic of?

Accepted Answer

The answer of William's mother moved the lamp that was...

Question 2

What research finding lends support for a biological cause of autism?

Accepted Answer

Concordance rates for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are about 60% among identical twins, indicating a strong genetic component to ASD. While environmental factors may also play a role, this finding provides support for a biological cause of autism.

Question 3

Which of the following is most likely to cause autism?

Accepted Answer

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and there is no single known cause. However, research suggests that biological factors such as genetics and brain development play a significant role in the development of autism, rather than external factors such as poor parenting, viral infections, or heavy metal exposure.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of autism?

Accepted Answer

Clinging is not a characteristic commonly associated with autism. The other three choices are commonly seen in individuals with autism. Preservation of sameness refers to the tendency to prefer routines and resist change, echolalia is the repetition of words or phrases, and self-mutilation may include actions such as hitting oneself or biting one's own skin.

Question 5

What is considered the best treatment for autism?

Accepted Answer

There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for autism, but behaviour modification is often recommended to improve social skills and communication in children with autism. Antipsychotic medications may be used in certain cases, but they come with potential side effects and should be used cautiously. Electric shock treatments are not a recommended treatment for autism spectrum disorder. Overall, treatment plans should be individualized and based on the unique needs and strengths of each person with autism.

Question 6

Jennifer is a researcher who studies autism in children.Which of the following is she most likely to say about the prevalence of autism?

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that autism is more prevalent in boys than in girls, with a ratio of 4 to 5 boys for every girl. There is little evidence to suggest that ethnicity or socioeconomic status play a significant role in the prevalence of autism.

Question 7

Which of the following children are most at risk of abuse from their parents?

Accepted Answer

Sick or unhealthy children may be perceived as a burden by their parents and may be at a higher risk of abuse or neglect. Girls, full-term infants, and first-born children do not necessarily have a higher risk of abuse.

Question 8

David always refers to himself as "you." What is this tendency a sign of?

Accepted Answer

David's tendency to refer to himself as "you" is a sign of an unusual speech pattern called pronoun reversal, where the person uses pronouns in an unconventional manner. This is often seen in young children with developing language skills and is not necessarily indicative of any developmental disorder.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT considered an autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Reye's disorder is not considered an autism spectrum disorder. It is a rare condition that causes swelling in the brain and liver dysfunction, usually occurring after a viral illness and most commonly affects children and adolescents. Asperger's disorder, Rett's disorder, and childhood disintegrative disorder are all considered autism spectrum disorders.

Question 10

Kevin has been maltreated by his parents.Which of the following behaviours is Kevin LEAST likely to exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Anti-social personality disorder is a complex condition that typically develops over time and is influenced by a variety of factors, not just maltreatment by parents. While maltreatment can contribute to various behavioral and emotional issues, it is not the sole cause of anti-social personality disorder.

Question 11

Cynthia has Asperger's disorder.What of the following would you most likely tell Cynthia's parents about how Cynthia will experience this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Asperger's disorder is characterized by social and communication difficulties as well as repetitive behaviors or interests. However, individuals with Asperger's disorder do not have significant cognitive or language delays, distinguishing it from other autistic disorders.

Question 12

Which of the following language patterns is NOT common in autistic children?

Accepted Answer

Babbling is a common language pattern in typically developing children but may be delayed or absent in autistic children. Mutism, echolalia, and pronoun reversal are language patterns commonly associated with autism.

Question 13

Kai was developing normally until the age of 2, when he began to lose skills that he had previously acquired.What disorder is Kai most likely to have?

Accepted Answer

The description of Kai's loss of previously acquired skills after the age of 2 is consistent with the symptoms of childhood disintegrative disorder, which is a rare condition that involves significant regression in multiple areas of development. Asperger's disorder is a type of autism spectrum disorder characterized by social difficulties and repetitive behaviors, but it does not typically involve regression. Rett's disorder is a genetic disorder that primarily affects females and involves regression in motor and communication skills, but it typically begins between 6 and 18 months of age. Reye's disorder is a rare but serious condition that affects the brain and liver, typically linked to aspirin use during a viral illness, but it does not involve regression in development.

Question 14

What biological factors are suspected of contributing to autism spectrum disorders?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What biological factors are suspected of contributing...

Question 15

What is a defining characteristic of echolalia?

Accepted Answer

Echolalia is characterized by automatically repeating sounds, words, or phrases without necessarily understanding their meaning.

Question 16

Of all substantiated child abuse cases in Canada, approximately what percentage involved physical abuse?

Accepted Answer

According to statistics from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect, approximately 20% of substantiated child abuse cases in Canada involve physical abuse.

Question 17

Of all substantiated child abuse cases in Canada, approximately what percentage involved sexual abuse?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of all substantiated child abuse cases in...

Question 18

Which of the following strategies is most likely to be recommended to prevent child abuse?

Accepted Answer

Strengthening parenting skills in the general population is a proactive approach that can address the root causes of child abuse. It can help prevent child abuse from occurring in the first place by educating parents on child development, positive discipline, and stress management. Fining those who fail to report suspected cases of child abuse, making child abuse a crime, and taking abused children out of their environment and placing them in foster care are reactive approaches that address child abuse after it has occurred, rather than preventing it from occurring in the first place.

Question 19

Of all substantiated child abuse cases in Canada, approximately what percentage involved children who had been emotionally mistreated?

Accepted Answer

According to the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect, approximately 10% of substantiated child abuse cases in Canada involved children who had been emotionally mistreated.

Question 20

Chantal is concerned that her daughter may have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Which of the following would you tell her about ASDs?

Accepted Answer

ASDs tend to be evident by age 3, so Chantal should be aware of any signs or symptoms her daughter may be displaying at this age. It is important to seek professional evaluation and intervention as early as possible. Choices B and C are incorrect as the prevalence of ASD is estimated to be around 1 in 54 children, or approximately 18.5 out of 1,000 children. Choice D is also incorrect as early signs of ASD can often be observed in infants and toddlers.

Quiz 6: Infancy: Social and Emotional Development