Question 1

All of the following procedures are used to reduce fear and anxiety problems except:
A) systematic desensitization
B) punishment
C) relaxation training
D) in vivo desensitization

Accepted Answer

Punishment is not an effective method for reducing fear and anxiety problems. In fact, punishment can often lead to increased fear and anxiety. The other options - systematic desensitization, relaxation training, and in vivo desensitization - are all proven methods for reducing fear and anxiety.

Question 2

Zach sees a therapist to overcome his fear of heights.Zach learns to relax by focusing his attention on a pleasant stimulus, in order to remove his attention from the anxiety producing situation.In this example, Zach is using ____________ to produce relaxation.
A) behavioral relaxation training
B) attention-focusing exercises
C) systematic desensitization
D) in vivo desensitization

Accepted Answer

Zach is using attention-focusing exercises, which involve concentrating on a pleasant stimulus to divert attention from the anxiety-producing situation, thereby inducing relaxation. This technique does not necessarily involve the gradual exposure or behavioral training aspects of the other options.

Question 3

A therapist teaches an individual to decrease autonomic arousal by breathing deeply in a slow rhythmic fashion.This type of breathing is referred to as ____________ breathing.
A) diaphragmatic
B) focused
C) systematic
D) progressive

Accepted Answer

The description given matches diaphragmatic breathing, which involves taking deep breaths from the diaphragm in a slow, rhythmic manner to decrease physiological arousal. Focused, systematic, and progressive breathing are not specific types of breathing techniques but may be used in conjunction with diaphragmatic breathing.

Question 4

What function does the use of a cue word serve in progressive muscle relaxation?
A) the cue word reinforces the use of progressive muscle relaxation
B) the cue word develops into a conditioned stimulus that elicits relaxation
C) the cue word helps the individual avoid anxiety producing thoughts
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of What function does the use of a...

Question 5

The respondent behavior in fear and anxiety problems involves ____________, and the operant behavior involves ____________.
A) autonomic nervous system arousal; escape or avoidance behavior
B) escape or avoidance behavior; autonomic nervous system arousal
C) autonomic nervous system arousal; autonomic nervous system arousal
D) escape or avoidance behavior; escape or avoidance behavior

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system arousal is the respondent behavior (involuntary physiological response) in fear and anxiety problems, such as increased heart rate, sweating, and muscle tension. The operant behavior (voluntary behavior that is reinforced by its consequences) involves escape or avoidance behavior, which is aimed at reducing or avoiding the anxiety-provoking stimulus or situation.

Question 6

Whenever Amy sees a dog, she experiences unpleasant bodily responses (rapid heart beat, upset stomach, and sweaty hands) and engages in escape behavior (runs away).In behavior modification, Amy's operant and respondent behavior is referred to as:
A) fear
B) reactivity
C) alarm
D) behavioral excess

Accepted Answer

Amy is exhibiting fear, which is an emotional response to a perceived threat or danger. Her bodily responses and escape behavior are the result of this fear.

Question 7

Fear and anxiety reduction procedures are used to treat ____________ behavior.
A) operant
B) respondent
C) autonomic
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Fear and anxiety reduction procedures are used to treat behaviors that are influenced by operant conditioning, respondent conditioning, and autonomic nervous system responses. These procedures can address the learned aspects of fear and anxiety across these different domains.

Question 8

Helen experiences so much anxiety when she is in public that she no longer leaves her house.When the level of anxiety and avoidance behavior severely disrupts an individual's life it is called a(an):
A) conditioned disorder
B) phobia
C) generalized disorder
D) avoidance disorder

Accepted Answer

Helen's extreme anxiety and avoidance behavior indicate that she is experiencing a phobia, which is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by an intense and persistent fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.

Question 9

Which of the following behaviors may function as an establishing operation in fear and anxiety problems?
A) escape behavior
B) respondent behavior
C) avoidance behavior
D) operant behavior

Accepted Answer

Respondent behavior, also known as classical conditioning, can function as an establishing operation in fear and anxiety problems. This occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an aversive or fear-inducing stimulus, leading to the neutral stimulus becoming a conditioned stimulus that elicits fear or anxiety. This can increase the likelihood of avoidance or escape behavior in the presence of the conditioned stimulus. Avoidance and escape behaviors are typically considered operant behaviors that are maintained by negative reinforcement (i.e., removing or avoiding the aversive stimulus).

Question 10

John experiences anxiety whenever he is in a crowded room, and he leaves the crowded room to decrease his anxiety.John's behavior of leaving the crowded room to decrease his autonomic nervous system arousal is:
A) positively punished
B) negatively punished
C) positively reinforced
D) negatively reinforced

Accepted Answer

John's behavior of leaving the crowded room is being negatively reinforced, which means that the behavior of leaving is being strengthened by the removal of an aversive stimulus (the anxiety) when John leaves the room.

Question 11

The key to systematic desensitization is to:
A) maintain relaxation while being exposed to the fear-producing stimulus
B) maintain relaxation while imagining the fear-producing stimulus
C) rapidly progress through the fear hierarchy
D) teach an individual to avoid the fear-producing stimulus

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization involves gradually exposing an individual to the feared stimulus while maintaining a state of relaxation. The exposure can be real or imagined, but the key is to pair the stimulus with relaxation so that over time, the fear response is diminished. Option A and C are partially correct but do not capture the full essence of the technique. Option D is incorrect as it would not help an individual overcome their fear.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an attention-focusing procedure?
A) guided imagery
B) meditation
C) diaphragmatic breathing
D) hypnosis

Accepted Answer

Diaphragmatic breathing is a relaxation technique to reduce anxiety and stress, but it is not an attention-focusing procedure. Guided imagery, meditation, and hypnosis are all techniques used to direct and focus attention.

Question 13

Relaxation training procedures are used to:
A) produce bodily responses similar to autonomic arousal
B) decrease autonomic arousal
C) enhance autonomic arousal
D) A and C

Accepted Answer

Relaxation training procedures are used to decrease autonomic arousal and promote a state of relaxation in the body. Option A is incorrect because the goal of relaxation training is not to produce bodily responses similar to autonomic arousal, but rather the opposite. Option C is incorrect because the goal is not to enhance autonomic arousal, but rather to reduce it. Option D is incorrect because it includes options A and C, which are both incorrect.

Question 14

Whenever Cindy sees a mouse, she experiences rapid heart rate, sweaty hands, and an upset stomach.The presence of the mouse is a(an) ____________, and the unpleasant bodily response is a(an) ____________.
A) conditioned stimulus; conditioned response
B) establishing operation; operant response
C) unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
D) conditioned stimulus; operant response

Accepted Answer

The presence of the mouse is a conditioned stimulus because it elicits a response (rapid heart rate, sweaty hands, upset stomach) that has been learned through conditioning. The bodily response is a conditioned response because it is a learned response to the conditioned stimulus.

Question 15

Which relaxation procedure involves teaching an individual to systematically tense and relax each major muscle group in the body until a relaxed state has been achieved?
A) diaphragmatic breathing
B) in vivo desensitization
C) attention-focusing exercises
D) progressive muscle relaxation

Accepted Answer

The relaxation procedure that involves teaching an individual to systematically tense and relax each major muscle group in the body until a relaxed state has been achieved is called progressive muscle relaxation.

Question 16

Barb is seeing a therapist to overcome her fear of flying.The therapist has Barb practice relaxation while imagining progressively greater anxiety situations involved in flying.What procedure is the therapist using to decrease Barb's fear of flying?
A) exposure training
B) contact training
C) in vivo desensitization
D) systematic desensitization

Accepted Answer

The procedure described involves the use of relaxation techniques while imagining progressively anxiety-provoking situations, which is characteristic of systematic desensitization. This approach aims to reduce fear through gradual exposure to the feared stimulus in a safe and controlled setting.

Question 17

Wendy is seeing a psychologist for an anxiety problem and learns to relax all the major muscle groups in her body by assuming relaxed postures.Which relaxation training procedure is being used?
A) progressive muscle relaxation
B) behavioral relaxation training
C) diaphragmatic breathing
D) attention-focusing exercises

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wendy is seeing a psychologist for an...

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true concerning fear?
A) respondent behavior is a component of fear
B) operant behavior is a component of fear
C) it is not always known how the fear developed
D) it must be known how the fear was conditioned to overcome the fear

Accepted Answer

While respondent behavior (automatic reaction) is a component of fear, operant behavior (voluntary actions) can also play a role, such as avoidance behaviors. It is also true that the development of a particular fear may not always be known. However, knowing how the fear was conditioned can be helpful in overcoming it, but it is not an absolute requirement for overcoming fear.

Question 19

Bill experiences autonomic nervous system arousal whenever he is in an airplane.In behavior modification, autonomic nervous system arousal in response to a particular stimulus is labeled:
A) aversion
B) excitation
C) anxiety
D) reactivity

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system arousal in response to a particular stimulus, such as being in an airplane, is commonly labeled as anxiety.

Question 20

Which of the following is a component of behavioral relaxation training?
A) focusing on muscle tension
B) attention focusing
C) learning to breath correctly
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

All of these options are components of behavioral relaxation training. Focusing on muscle tension involves progressively tensing and releasing each muscle group in the body. Attention focusing involves directing the mind's attention to a specific object or situation to distract from external stressors. Learning to breathe correctly involves diaphragmatic breathing and slow, deep breaths to promote relaxation.

Quiz 24: Fear and Anxiety Reduction Procedures

All of the following procedures are used to reduce fear and anxiety problems except:

Zach sees a therapist to overcome his fear of heights.Zach learns to relax by focusing his attention on a pleasant stimulus, in order to remove his attention from the anxiety producing situation.In this example, Zach is using ____________ to produce relaxation.

A therapist teaches an individual to decrease autonomic arousal by breathing deeply in a slow rhythmic fashion.This type of breathing is referred to as ____________ breathing.

What function does the use of a cue word serve in progressive muscle relaxation?

The respondent behavior in fear and anxiety problems involves , and the operant behavior involves .

Whenever Amy sees a dog, she experiences unpleasant bodily responses (rapid heart beat, upset stomach, and sweaty hands) and engages in escape behavior (runs away) .In behavior modification, Amy's operant and respondent behavior is referred to as:

Fear and anxiety reduction procedures are used to treat ____________ behavior.

Helen experiences so much anxiety when she is in public that she no longer leaves her house.When the level of anxiety and avoidance behavior severely disrupts an individual's life it is called a(an) :

Which of the following behaviors may function as an establishing operation in fear and anxiety problems?

John experiences anxiety whenever he is in a crowded room, and he leaves the crowded room to decrease his anxiety.John's behavior of leaving the crowded room to decrease his autonomic nervous system arousal is:

The key to systematic desensitization is to:

Which of the following is NOT an attention-focusing procedure?

Relaxation training procedures are used to:

Whenever Cindy sees a mouse, she experiences rapid heart rate, sweaty hands, and an upset stomach.The presence of the mouse is a(an) , and the unpleasant bodily response is a(an) .

Which relaxation procedure involves teaching an individual to systematically tense and relax each major muscle group in the body until a relaxed state has been achieved?

Barb is seeing a therapist to overcome her fear of flying.The therapist has Barb practice relaxation while imagining progressively greater anxiety situations involved in flying.What procedure is the therapist using to decrease Barb's fear of flying?

Wendy is seeing a psychologist for an anxiety problem and learns to relax all the major muscle groups in her body by assuming relaxed postures.Which relaxation training procedure is being used?

Which of the following is NOT true concerning fear?

Bill experiences autonomic nervous system arousal whenever he is in an airplane.In behavior modification, autonomic nervous system arousal in response to a particular stimulus is labeled:

Which of the following is a component of behavioral relaxation training?