Question 1

A person mostly concerned with external rewards and personal consequences of an action is in what stage of personal moral development?

Accepted Answer

In the pre-conventional stage of moral development, individuals are generally concerned with external rewards and avoiding punishment or personal consequences. This stage typically occurs in childhood and is characterized by a focus on obedience and self-interest.

Question 2

Hood Sails has just completed a procedure manual to handle employee grievances.One of the main criteria is to make it clear to employees that rules will be administered fairly and consistently.Hood Sails operates on:

Accepted Answer

The fact that Hood Sails is emphasizing the need for fairness and consistency in administering rules implies that they are following the procedural justice approach, which focuses on fair decision-making processes.

Question 3

A situation that arises when all alternative choices or behaviours have been deemed undesirable because of the potentially negative ethical consequences,making it difficult to distinguish right from wrong,is considered:

Accepted Answer

An ethical dilemma is a complex situation where there is no clear ethical choice. It arises when all alternative choices have potentially negative ethical consequences. In such situations, it becomes difficult to distinguish right from wrong. Therefore, option C is the only appropriate answer. Option A refers to an individual who is capable of making moral decisions, while option B refers to the obligation a corporation has to its stakeholders. Option D refers to a guideline or principle that individuals or organizations use to make ethical decisions, while option E refers to an organization's voluntary actions that go beyond legal requirements.

Question 4

____________________ requires that different treatment of people not be based on arbitrary characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Distributive justice requires that resources and opportunities be allocated based on relevant criteria rather than arbitrary characteristics.

Question 5

____________________ argues that individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible.

Accepted Answer

Compensatory justice is the principle that argues for compensating individuals for their losses or injuries by the party responsible for causing them.

Question 6

Which ethical approach are companies citing to justify their policing of employees' personal habits on and off the job,if they argue that they are maximising the greatest good for the greatest number?

Accepted Answer

The utilitarian approach focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number, which is the ethical approach that companies may cite to justify their policing of employees' personal habits on and off the job. This approach prioritizes the well-being of the majority over the individual.

Question 7

Which of the following employee behaviours matches with the pre-conventional level of personal moral development?

Accepted Answer

The pre-conventional level of personal moral development is characterized by self-centered behavior, motivated only by self-interest, punishment, and reward. Task accomplishment is a behavior that matches this level because it focuses on meeting the individual's needs and incentives for achieving their goals.

Question 8

The assumption that 'if it's not illegal,it must be ethical',ignores which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The assumption that if something is not illegal, it must be ethical ignores the domain of ethics. Just because something is not illegal, it does not necessarily mean that it is morally right or ethical. Ethics encompasses a wider range of considerations beyond just what is legal, such as principles of morality, fairness, and justice.

Question 9

The pre-conventional stage of moral development is best illustrated by which of these?

Accepted Answer

The pre-conventional stage of moral development is characterized by self-interest and the consequences of actions, such as rewards or punishments. Option D reflects this focus on personal gain.

Question 10

Most people have learned to conform to expectations of good behaviour expected by colleagues,family,friends and society.They are in what stage of moral development?

Accepted Answer

The described behavior of conforming to expectations of good behavior suggests the person is in the conventional stage of moral development, which is focused on following societal norms and expectations.

Question 11

When everyone is pursuing self-direction,the greater good is ultimately served because people learn to accommodate each other in their own long-term interest.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The individualism approach suggests that when individuals pursue their own self-interest, it can lead to positive outcomes for society as a whole, as people learn to accommodate each other for mutual benefit.

Question 12

People making decisions based on an internal set of beliefs that has more meaning to them than the expectations of others are:

Accepted Answer

People at the principled level of moral development base their decisions on their own principles and values rather than external pressures or expectations. They have a strong sense of morality and prioritize justice and fairness above social norms or rules.

Question 13

The stage of personal moral development in which an individual develops an internal set of standards and values is called:

Accepted Answer

The stage of personal moral development in which an individual develops an internal set of standards and values is called the principled stage. This stage is characterized by a strong commitment to ethical principles and values, and the individual is guided by their own conscience rather than external pressures or expectations. In contrast, the pre-conventional stage is focused on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards, while the conventional stage is focused on meeting the expectations of authority figures and conforming to societal norms. The discretionary and social stages are not recognized stages of personal moral development.

Question 14

A person that bases their decisions on prevailing standards of the profession and larger society,taking the interests of all stakeholders into account,is said to have taken which of the following approaches?

Accepted Answer

The practical approach involves making decisions based on prevailing standards, societal norms, and considering the interests of all stakeholders.

Question 15

When a person follows self-chosen principles of justice,and they are aware that people hold different values and seek creative solutions to ethical dilemmas,they are said to be in what stage of moral development?

Accepted Answer

This is the Post-conventional stage of moral development, as described by Lawrence Kohlberg. In this stage, individuals develop their own set of moral principles that may diverge from societal norms and take into account ethical dilemmas and differences in values held by others.

Question 16

____________________ requires that rules be administered fairly.Rules should be clearly stated,and consistently and impartially enforced.

Accepted Answer

Procedural justice requires that rules be administered fairly, which includes clearly stating the rules and consistently and impartially enforcing them. Distributive justice pertains to the distribution of resources and rewards, compensatory justice pertains to compensating victims for harm they have suffered, and retributive justice pertains to punishing wrongdoers for their actions.

Question 17

Which of these refers to the ethical concept that moral decisions are those that best maintain the rights of those people affected by them?

Accepted Answer

The moral rights approach focuses on maintaining the rights of those affected by a decision, including the right to privacy, free speech, and due process. This approach emphasizes that ethical decisions should be made with a consideration for the basic rights and dignity of each individual.

Question 18

Under the justice approach,all of these are of concern to managers,except:

Accepted Answer

The justice approach is concerned with ensuring fairness and equity in the workplace, particularly in regards to compensation, distribution of resources, and the fairness of procedures. Obstructive justice is not a recognized category of justice within this approach.

Question 19

Tamako is a manager at Ozzy No-waste Corporation.One of her employees has been cheating the company out of expense money.Tamako must decide whether or not to fire this employee.In this role,Tamako is acting as:

Accepted Answer

Tamako is acting as a moral agent because she has the responsibility to make a decision that is consistent with her own personal values as well as the values of the company. Firing an employee for cheating the company out of expense money is not only a legal decision, but also a moral one. Tamako needs to consider the consequences of her decision not only for the company but also for the employee and society as a whole.

Question 20

The individual who must make an ethical choice in an organisation is called:

Accepted Answer

The individual who must make an ethical choice in an organization is referred to as the moral agent. This person is responsible for making ethical decisions and taking actions that align with the moral code and values of the organization. The moral agent is typically a manager or leader within the organization who is held accountable for their actions and decisions. Options A, B, C, and E are not accurate descriptions of this role.

Quiz 5: Ethics,Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development