Question 1

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry.
-osteoporosis risk factor
A)fan-beam DXA
B)osteopenia
C)WHO
D)SPA
E)osteoblasts
F)osteoporosis
G)pencil-beam DXA
H)osteoclasts
I)NEXT
J)small stature

Accepted Answer

Small stature is considered a risk factor for osteoporosis because individuals with smaller frames may have less bone mass to draw from as they age, increasing their risk of developing osteoporosis.

Question 2

Proper patient positioning for DXA scans of the hip includes
A)the femoral greater trochanter in profile.
B)clear visibility of the lesser trochanter.
C)foreshortening of the femoral neck to make it parallel to the long axis of the table.
D)external rotation of the feet.

Accepted Answer

The correct positioning for DXA (Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry) scans of the hip involves having the femoral greater trochanter in profile. This ensures accurate measurement of bone density in the hip area. Visibility of the lesser trochanter indicates improper positioning, and the femoral neck should not be foreshortened but rather aligned with the detector to avoid distortion. External rotation of the feet is also incorrect as it can lead to misalignment of the hip structures.

Question 3

DXA scanning systems
A)are classified as fan beam or pencil beam.
B)may use a rare-earth filtered x-ray source.
C)may employ a synchronous, high frequency generator to switch between photon energies.
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

DXA scanning systems can be fan beam or pencil beam and may use a rare-earth filtered x-ray source. Some systems also employ a synchronous, high frequency generator to switch between photon energies. Therefore, all of the choices (A, B, and C) are correct.

Question 4

Quality control procedures with DXA systems
A)are done monthly.
B)utilize a standardized hip phantom for measurements.
C)are completed after each patient exam.
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Quality control procedures with DXA systems
A)are done...

Question 5

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry.
-bone-forming cells that can go dormant when not needed
A)fan-beam DXA
B)osteopenia
C)WHO
D)SPA
E)osteoblasts
F)osteoporosis
G)pencil-beam DXA
H)osteoclasts
I)NEXT
J)small stature

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that can go dormant when not needed.

Answer: A and G
 Fan-beam DXA and pencil-beam DXA are both types of bone densitometry scans that use X-ray technology to measure bone density.

Answer: C
 WHO stands for World Health Organization, which provides guidelines for the diagnosis of osteoporosis based on bone density measurements.

Answer: D
 SPA stands for single-photon absorptiometry, a type of bone densitometry scan that measures bone density using a radioactive substance.

Answer: F
 Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become weak and brittle due to loss of bone mass and density.

Answer: H
 Osteoclasts are bone cells that break down and reabsorb bone tissue, which can contribute to bone loss and osteoporosis.

Answer: I
 NEXT stands for "non-invasive evaluation of the x-chromosome in osteoporosis," a genetic test that can help predict the risk of developing osteoporosis.

Answer: J
 Small stature is a risk factor for osteoporosis, as individuals with smaller bones have less bone mass and density to begin with.

Question 6

The principle of DXA scanning relies upon the
A)attenuation of two discrete photon energy levels through soft tissue and bone.
B)measurement of scatter energy from the patient at two energy levels.
C)measurement of scatter photon energy subtracted from primary photon energy.
D)ratio of Bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation production.

Accepted Answer

DXA scanning uses two different energy levels of X-rays to measure the attenuation of soft tissue and bone. This allows for the differentiation of bone mineral content and density from soft tissue. The other options do not accurately describe the principle behind DXA scanning.

Question 7

A modern DXA scanning system consists of
1)workstation
2)x-ray tube
3)Bucky assembly
4)x-ray detector
5)tilting, radiolucent table
6)QC phantom
7)AEC system with three fields
8)positioning aides
A)1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8
B)1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
C)1, 2, 4, 6, and 8
D)1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7

Accepted Answer

A modern DXA (Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry) scanning system typically includes a workstation for data analysis, an x-ray tube for generating x-rays, an x-ray detector for capturing images, a quality control (QC) phantom for calibration and ensuring accuracy, and positioning aides to help properly position the patient. It does not typically include a Bucky assembly or an Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) system with three fields, which are more commonly associated with general radiography systems.

Question 8

The BMD values of a DXA phantom
A)change yearly due to decay of the polymer resin of the phantom.
B)are stable and permit sharing phantoms between DXA systems.
C)never change.
D)are used to calculate the T-scores of patients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The BMD values of a DXA phantom
A)change...

Question 9

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry.
-established T-score and Z-score value benchmarks
A)fan-beam DXA
B)osteopenia
C)WHO
D)SPA
E)osteoblasts
F)osteoporosis
G)pencil-beam DXA
H)osteoclasts
I)NEXT
J)small stature

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization (WHO) has established the T-score and Z-score value benchmarks for bone densitometry.

Answer: A and G
 Fan-beam DXA and pencil-beam DXA are both imaging techniques used in bone densitometry.

Answer: B and F
 Osteopenia and osteoporosis are medical conditions that are evaluated through bone densitometry.

Answer: H
 Osteoclasts are cells in the body that are involved in the breakdown and resorption of bone tissue.

Answer: I
 NEXT is a quality control program used in bone densitometry to ensure accurate and precise results.

Answer: J
 Small stature can affect bone density measurements, as they may not align with the typical norms used in reference databases.

Question 10

The radiation dose during DXA studies
A)is less for fan-beam scanners.
B)is comparable to mammography.
C)permits easy compliance with ALARA principles.
D)requires lead protection in the walls of the exam room.

Accepted Answer

DXA (Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry) studies involve a very low dose of radiation, making it easier to comply with ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principles, which are guidelines for minimizing radiation exposure.

Question 11

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry.
-destroy bone
A)fan-beam DXA
B)osteopenia
C)WHO
D)SPA
E)osteoblasts
F)osteoporosis
G)pencil-beam DXA
H)osteoclasts
I)NEXT
J)small stature

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts are the type of cells in the body that break down bone tissue, a process essential for bone remodeling but can lead to decreased bone density if not balanced with bone formation by osteoblasts.

Question 12

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry.
-lowest dose type of DXA technology
A)fan-beam DXA
B)osteopenia
C)WHO
D)SPA
E)osteoblasts
F)osteoporosis
G)pencil-beam DXA
H)osteoclasts
I)NEXT
J)small stature

Accepted Answer

Pencil-beam DXA is the lowest dose type of DXA technology.

Answer: B and F
 Osteopenia and osteoporosis are both conditions that can be detected and monitored through bone densitometry.

Answer: C
 WHO (World Health Organization) guidelines are commonly used to interpret bone densitometry results and diagnose osteoporosis.

Answer: D
 SPA (single-photon absorptiometry) is an older technique for measuring bone density that has been largely replaced by DXA.

Answer: E and H
 Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the two types of bone cells that are responsible for maintaining bone density and preventing osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Answer: I
 NEXT (Narrow-Examination of the Skeleton) is a newer type of bone densitometry technology that allows for more precise measurements of bone density in specific areas, such as the hip or spine.

Answer: J
 Small stature can affect the interpretation of bone densitometry results, as smaller individuals may have lower bone density than taller individuals even if they do not have osteoporosis.

Question 13

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry.
-uses multiple detector elements
A)fan-beam DXA
B)osteopenia
C)WHO
D)SPA
E)osteoblasts
F)osteoporosis
G)pencil-beam DXA
H)osteoclasts
I)NEXT
J)small stature

Accepted Answer

Fan-beam DXA uses multiple detector elements to produce images.

Answer: B
 Osteopenia is a condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis.

Answer: C
 WHO is the World Health Organization, which has established criteria for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Answer: D
 SPA (Single Photon Absorptiometry) is a bone densitometry technique that uses a single photon source and detector to measure bone mineral density.

Answer: F
 Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone mass and increased bone fragility, which can lead to increased risk of fractures.

Answer: G
 Pencil-beam DXA uses a thin beam of radiation to measure bone mineral density.

Answer: H
 Osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue and play a role in bone remodeling.

Answer: J
 Small stature is a risk factor for osteoporosis, as people with smaller frames tend to have lower bone mineral density.

Note: E) osteoblasts and I) NEXT were not used in any of the explanations.

Question 14

DXA scanning of the forearm
A)is preferred for suspected hyperparathyroidism.
B)scans the non-dominant forearm.
C)includes the proximal row of carpal bones.
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

A) DXA scanning of the forearm is preferred for suspected hyperparathyroidism because it can detect changes in bone density in the earliest stages of the disease.
B) The non-dominant forearm is scanned to avoid the effects of muscular development from repetitive use.
C) DXA scanning of the forearm may include the proximal row of carpal bones in addition to the radius and ulna.

Question 15

DXA scans of the spine A)are done with the patient supine and with legs fully extended. B)are considered more reliable than those of the hip or forearm. C)include the lumbar vertebrae L₂- L₄. D)include all lumbar vertebrae regardless of T score between the individual vertebrae.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DXA scans of the spine
A)are done with...

Question 16

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry.
-T-score of -2.2
A)fan-beam DXA
B)osteopenia
C)WHO
D)SPA
E)osteoblasts
F)osteoporosis
G)pencil-beam DXA
H)osteoclasts
I)NEXT
J)small stature

Accepted Answer

Osteopenia is a condition characterized by a decreased bone mineral density, which is usually diagnosed when the T-score is between -1.0 and -2.5.

Answer: A and G
 Fan-beam and pencil-beam DXA are both common techniques used for bone densitometry.

Answer: C
 WHO is the World Health Organization, which has established the T-score criteria for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia.

Answer: F
 Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a severely decreased bone mineral density, which is usually diagnosed when the T-score is below -2.5.

Answer: H
 Osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue, leading to bone resorption and osteoporosis.

Answer: I
 NEXT is a technique used to measure bone mineral density using a computerized tomography scan.

Answer: J
 Small stature can affect the T-score, as the bone density values may be lower in smaller individuals.

Question 17

The most commonly measured anatomical structures in DXA scanning are the
A)wrist and shoulder.
B)ankle and knee.
C)pelvis and spine.
D)hip and spine.

Accepted Answer

The most commonly measured anatomical structures in DXA scanning are the hip and spine, as these areas are most predictive of osteoporosis and fracture risk.

Question 18

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry.
-uses radioactive Iodine as a photon source
A)fan-beam DXA
B)osteopenia
C)WHO
D)SPA
E)osteoblasts
F)osteoporosis
G)pencil-beam DXA
H)osteoclasts
I)NEXT
J)small stature

Accepted Answer

SPA (Single Photon Absorptiometry) uses radioactive isotopes, such as iodine-125, as a photon source for measuring bone density, primarily in peripheral sites like the wrist.

Quiz 39: Bone Densitometry

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry. -osteoporosis risk factor

Proper patient positioning for DXA scans of the hip includes

DXA scanning systems

Quality control procedures with DXA systems

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry. -bone-forming cells that can go dormant when not needed

The principle of DXA scanning relies upon the

A modern DXA scanning system consists of 1) workstation 2) x-ray tube 3) Bucky assembly 4) x-ray detector 5) tilting, radiolucent table 6) QC phantom 7) AEC system with three fields 8) positioning aides

The BMD values of a DXA phantom

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry. -established T-score and Z-score value benchmarks

The radiation dose during DXA studies

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry. -destroy bone

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry. -lowest dose type of DXA technology

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry. -uses multiple detector elements

DXA scanning of the forearm

DXA scans of the spine

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry. -T-score of -2.2

The most commonly measured anatomical structures in DXA scanning are the

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to bone densitometry. -uses radioactive Iodine as a photon source