Question 1

Keira had parents who were warm and responsive while she was an infant.According to the theory developed by Hazan and Shaver,what is Keira likely to find as an adult

Accepted Answer

According to Hazan and Shaver's theory, individuals who had warm and responsive parents as infants are more likely to develop a secure attachment style, which means they are comfortable with intimacy and able to develop close relationships with others. Therefore, Keira is likely to find it relatively easy to form close relationships with others.

Question 2

Nicole is a 30-year-old lawyer who holds very conservative views.She always votes Conservative in every election.At a New Year's Eve party,she meets Frank who is also a 30-year-old lawyer,but who holds very liberal views.He tells Nicole that he would never think of voting for a Conservative candidate.Based on the research by Rosenbaum,what should you predict

Accepted Answer

Rosenbaum's research suggests that similarity, rather than dissimilarity, in attitudes and beliefs significantly predicts attraction. Therefore, Nicole is likely to dislike Frank due to their opposing political views.

Question 3

According to Sternberg,how can companionate love be subdivided

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg, companionate love can be subdivided into two components: commitment and intimacy. This type of love is based on a strong emotional bond and deep friendship, rather than passion or sexuality. People in companionate love relationships often have a sense of mutual respect, admiration, and trust for each other.

Question 4

Greer and Neil have been married for 15 years.They have an extremely warm and trusting relationship,and even though Neil frequently travels on business,Greer never worries about him cheating.According to Hatfield and Berscheid,what type of love is this

Accepted Answer

Companionate love is characterized by warmth, affection, trust, and deep connection between partners, which seems to fit Greer and Neil's marriage. This type of love often develops over time in long-term relationships, as couples build intimacy and understanding with one another. Passionate love, on the other hand, is marked by intense physical attraction and romantic obsession, which doesn't seem to be the case for Greer and Neil. Preoccupied love can be characterized by clinginess, jealousy, and insecurity, none of which seem to be present in their relationship. Finally, intimate love is typically used synonymously with companionate love, although some theorists distinguish between the two as different forms of love.

Question 5

What is the name for the idea that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners

Accepted Answer

The idea that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners is the matching hypothesis.

Question 6

Natasha has always felt at ease confiding in other people,and she and Boris have described their relationship as one based on trust.According to Hazan and Shaver,which type of attachment style did Natasha likely have with her parents

Accepted Answer

The fact that Natasha feels at ease confiding in others and has described her relationship with Boris as based on trust suggests that she likely developed a secure attachment style with her parents. Children with securely attached parents tend to be more trusting, confident, and have a positive view of themselves and others. They feel secure and comfortable with intimacy and can express their feelings and needs openly.

Question 7

What type of love involves complete absorption in another that includes tender sexual feelings and the agony and ecstasy of intense emotion

Accepted Answer

Passionate love involves complete absorption in another that includes tender sexual feelings and the agony and ecstasy of intense emotion. The other options (sexual, lustful, platonic) do not fully encompass the described characteristics of the type of love being asked about.

Question 8

Which bias is less common among people from a collectivist culture,compared to an individualist culture

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, people are less likely to exhibit self-serving bias, which involves attributing successes to oneself and failures to external factors, as they tend to emphasize group harmony and collective success over individual achievements.

Question 9

Which statement best describes initial attraction to a person

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that physical attractiveness is a major factor in initial attraction to a person. This does not necessarily mean that it is the only factor, but it does have a significant impact.

Question 10

Toshi was born and raised in Japan; Otis was born and raised in the United States.Based on cross-cultural studies comparing individualistic and collectivist cultures,what is expected of Toshi compared to Otis

Accepted Answer

CCross-cultural studies have shown that individuals from collectivist cultures, like Japan, are less likely to exhibit a self-serving bias in explaining success compared to those from individualistic cultures, like the United States. This is because collectivist cultures emphasize group harmony and interdependence, leading individuals to attribute success to external factors or the group rather than personal achievement. Additionally, individuals from collectivist cultures are less likely to experience cognitive dissonance because their decisions and behaviors are more often aligned with group norms and expectations, reducing the occurrence of conflicting attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors that lead to cognitive dissonance.

Question 11

When you think about someone that you are passionate about,which areas of your brain are particularly active

Accepted Answer

Dopamine-rich circuits associated with addiction are particularly active when thinking about someone you are passionate about. This is because passionate love has been associated with addiction-like behaviors and can activate similar reward pathways in the brain.

Question 12

Based on data from a longitudinal study of best friends,what predicts closeness after two decades of friendship

Accepted Answer

According to the given data, similarity is the strongest predictor of closeness after two decades of friendship. This suggests that individuals who share common beliefs, values, and interests are more likely to maintain close relationships over a long period of time. Gender, attractiveness, and talkativeness are not significant predictors in this particular study.

Question 13

Which adage seems to be supported by research on factors contributing to building relationships

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that similarity between individuals leads to increased liking and attraction towards each other. This is known as the "similarity-attraction" principle.

Question 14

Whenever Scott sees Diana,he can feel his heart start to pound with excitement.Even though Scott and Diana have dated only a few times,Scott often becomes jealous when Diana talks to other men.He also finds he can't get her out of his mind when they are apart.According to Hatfield and Berscheid,what type of love is Scott experiencing

Accepted Answer

Scott's feelings of excitement, jealousy, and obsession indicate a passionate love, which is characterized by intense arousal and strong emotional reactions.

Question 15

Joe has been calling Jill each evening and talking with her every day at lunch,but now he is deeply despondent because she is out of town.Which type of love is Joe experiencing

Accepted Answer

Joe's deep despondency suggests a strong emotional attachment, engulfing feelings and longing for Jill, which are characteristic of passionate love. Companionate and communal love are more characterized by stable, secure, and less intense emotional bonds. Sexual infatuation tends to be more focused on physical or sexual attraction without necessarily involving emotional attachment or deep feelings.

Question 16

Which bias are Japanese subjects more likely to engage in than American subjects

Accepted Answer

Japanese subjects are more likely to engage in both self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error than American subjects. Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal factors and one's own failures to external factors. Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal factors and to ignore the role of situational factors.

Question 17

Which couple is most likely to report great relationship satisfaction

Accepted Answer

Mindy and Dan, who have companionate love for each other, are most likely to report great relationship satisfaction. Research suggests that couples with companionate love, which is characterized by feelings of intimacy and affection, have greater relationship satisfaction and longevity compared to couples with passionate love or other attachment styles.

Question 18

According to Sternberg,what type of love is prevalent in long-term relationships

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, long-term relationships often exhibit "companionate love," which is characterized by commitment and intimacy.

Question 19

Which statement best describes attitudes and interpersonal attraction

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that people are more likely to be attracted to individuals with similar attitudes, values, and beliefs. This is known as the similarity-attraction principle. People who share similar attitudes are more likely to enjoy spending time together and have more meaningful connections.

Question 20

Pierre is a moderately attractive 16-year-old.He is hoping to be asked to the school dance by either Whitney or Tammy.Whitney is moderately attractive; Tammy is extremely attractive.What is likely,based on the evidence from studies that have investigated physical attractiveness and dating

Accepted Answer

According to the "matching hypothesis" in research on physical attractiveness and dating, people tend to select partners who match their own level of attractiveness. Therefore, it is likely that Whitney, who is also moderately attractive, will ask Pierre to the dance. Tammy's extreme attractiveness may make her less likely to ask out someone who is only moderately attractive.

Quiz 13: A: Social Behaviour