Question 1

Which identity phase is characterized by having a sense of self and direction after consideration of alternative possibilities

Accepted Answer

Achieving a sense of self and direction after considering various alternatives is the key characteristic of the achievement identity phase. In this phase, individuals have explored different options, evaluated their strengths and weaknesses, and made commitments to their chosen paths, resulting in a sense of identity and direction.

Question 2

Walter and Camille experienced the departure of their youngest son who left for college last year.What will Walter and Camille likely find now that they are alone

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that many couples experience an increase in marital satisfaction after their children leave home, as they have more time to focus on their relationship and personal interests.

Question 3

What is the term used by James Marcia to describe individuals who were delaying commitment and actively exploring alternative ideologies

Accepted Answer

James Marcia uses the term "moratorium" to describe individuals who are delaying commitment and actively exploring alternative ideologies. This is one of the four stages of identity development Marcia proposed. The other stages are "foreclosure," "diffusion," and "achievement."

Question 4

What is experienced by most couples after all their children grow up and leave home

Accepted Answer

Many studies have shown that marital satisfaction increases after children leave home. Couples find themselves with more time to devote to each other, pursue hobbies and interests, and travel. They are also free from the stresses and responsibilities of parenting and can enjoy each other's company in new and different ways.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a current trend regarding marriage

Accepted Answer

The current trend is actually towards an increase in the percentage of couples who cohabit prior to marriage, not a decrease.

Question 6

In early adulthood,which psychosocial crisis is based on establishing close,personal relationships with others

Accepted Answer

During early adulthood, individuals typically face the psychosocial crisis of intimacy versus isolation, where they strive to establish enduring and meaningful relationships with others. This involves developing a sense of trust and vulnerability with intimate partners, friends, and family members. The other options, integrity versus despair, identity versus confusion, and generativity versus self-absorption, are psychosocial crises that typically occur in later stages of adulthood.

Question 7

Jocelyn is 25 years old,and she feels very insecure about some of the personal and career choices she has made so far.Consequently,at this point in her life,she is unwilling to form a serious,committed relationship with another person.What will happen to Jocelyn based on Erikson's theory

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, the stage of young adulthood (ages 19-40) is marked by the conflict between intimacy vs. isolation. Jocelyn's unwillingness to form a serious, committed relationship may lead her to feel isolated, which can result in feelings of loneliness, emptiness, and even depression. Therefore, the best choice is A - she will develop a sense of isolation.

Question 8

What is the youngest age group in which more than half of people say that they feel they've reached adulthood

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the youngest age group in...

Question 9

Which of Erikson's stages is associated with finding and making commitments to society and future generations

Accepted Answer

Generativity versus self-absorption is the stage in which individuals focus on making commitments to society and future generations. This stage typically occurs during middle adulthood.

Question 10

Mr.and Mrs.McKavick have three school-age children.Their next-door neighbours,Mr.and Mrs.Clancy,have three grandchildren who are about the same age as the McKavick's children.What is most likely at the present time,based on research into marital satisfaction across the family life cycle

Accepted Answer

Research into marital satisfaction across the family life cycle suggests that marital satisfaction tends to decrease with the presence and raising of young children, due to the stresses and demands of parenting. It often increases again later in life, after children have grown and left home, which is likely the stage the Clancys are in with grandchildren. Therefore, the Clancys are likely experiencing higher levels of marital satisfaction than the McKavicks, who are currently raising school-age children.

Question 11

Brock was not sure what he wanted to do while he was in college,so he talked to the career counsellors last year.His profile showed a strong interest in both medicine and animals,so he got a part-time job at the local humane society.He also checked the requirements for veterinary school,and he has now completed six of the courses required for the veterinary program.He is confident that this is the ideal career for him.What identity status does this represent according to James Marcia

Accepted Answer

According to James Marcia's identity development theory, "achievement" is the identity status in which an individual has successfully explored different options and made commitments based on personal values and beliefs. In this scenario, Brock has explored his interests in medicine and animals through his job at the humane society and completed the required courses for veterinary school. This indicates that he has made a commitment to pursuing a career in veterinary medicine, which aligns with the "achievement" identity status.

Question 12

Edwin has just started his third year in university,and he is still exploring the options for his major.He has taken several courses with the intention of obtaining a law degree,but last semester he also discovered he was very interested in geology.He feels it is important to reach a final decision before the end of the semester,and he has started investigating both career options in detail.What state does this represent,according to James Marcia

Accepted Answer

Edwin is in the moratorium stage, as he is actively exploring and considering multiple options for his major before making a final decision.

Question 13

Which of the following is evident if age at first marriage is considered within a historical context

Accepted Answer

The age of first marriage has increased since the 1970s, but it is similar to the age in the 1920s, reflecting historical fluctuations rather than a steady trend.

Question 14

Looking back on her long life,Hilda feels good about herself and her accomplishments and swears that she would do it again the same way if given the opportunity.What stage is Hilda in,according to Erikson's theory

Accepted Answer

This stage refers to the later years of life (age 65+) when individuals reflect back on their life and evaluate their accomplishments. Hilda's sense of satisfaction and desire to do it all over again suggests that she has achieved a sense of integrity and acceptance of her life rather than despair and regret.

Question 15

Which of the following features of a couple is associated with a smoother transition to becoming parents

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following features of a...

Question 16

Sergio just turned 53,and he feels as though he is not making any real contributions through the career he has chosen.As he sits at his desk each day,he fails to find meaning in his life and feels as though he has no purpose or direction.What would Erikson say about Sergio's personality development

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sergio just turned 53,and he feels as...

Question 17

Which piece of evidence suggests that Marcia's identity statuses do NOT reflect developmental stages

Accepted Answer

Marcia's identity statuses are not fixed stages but rather states that individuals can move in and out of at different times, suggesting they are not strictly developmental stages.

Question 18

Which statement best describes personality changes in adulthood

Accepted Answer

Although there is some stability in personality after adolescence, research suggests that there can also be significant changes throughout adulthood. These changes can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as life experiences, relationships, and personal growth. However, it is important to note that these changes are not necessarily predictable or uniform across all individuals.

Question 19

Fifteen-year-old Rory has had a relatively smooth adolescent period and,at the urging of her parents,has already decided on a college and a career.What type of identity status does it represent if Rory is simply playing a passive role in relationship to her parents

Accepted Answer

Foreclosure is the identity status where an individual adopts an identity without exploring any other options and mostly based on the suggestions of significant individuals in their life, such as parents. Thus, if Rory has already decided on her college and career without any exploration of other options and is only following her parents' suggestions, it represents a foreclosure identity status. The other options are not applicable as they involve active exploration and decision-making processes.

Question 20

What is the most common deficit associated with old age,in terms of sensory functioning

Accepted Answer

Farsightedness, also known as presbyopia, is the most common deficit associated with old age in terms of sensory functioning. It occurs due to the hardening of the lens in the eye, making it difficult to focus on nearby objects. This usually begins in the early to mid-40s and progressively gets worse with age.

Quiz 11: A: Human Development Across the Life Span