Question 1

There have been numerous case studies of recovered memories for which there is clear evidence that the recovered memory is false.Which perspective is weakened by such evidence

Accepted Answer

The perspective of psychodynamic repression suggests that traumatic memories can be repressed and then later recovered through therapy. However, the evidence of false recovered memories weakens this perspective, as it suggests that memories can also be constructed or suggested during therapy rather than actually repressed and recovered.

Question 2

Which memory phenomenon provides evidence to suggest that recovered memories may be false

Accepted Answer

The misinformation effect is a phenomenon in which misleading information can influence a person's memory of an event. This provides evidence that recovered memories may be false because individuals may be influenced to remember events inaccurately due to external sources of misinformation.

Question 3

Which model of memory is most consistent with the finding that there is a localized neural circuit in a rabbit's brain that corresponds with the rabbit's memory of a conditioned eye blink response

Accepted Answer

The connectionist model, also known as the neural network model, is most consistent with the finding of a localized neural circuit for memory, as it emphasizes the role of neural connections in storing and retrieving memories, similar to the described conditioned eye blink response in rabbits.

Question 4

On your way to your psychology class,you pass a newsstand where a tabloid headline reads: "Brazen Celebrity Seduces Pop Star." When you get to class,your professor is doing a demonstration about memory and asks you to complete a series of word stems.Although most of your class completes the stem "br____" with "bread" or "broke," you complete it as "brazen." You don't actually recall reading that word,and you're not sure why it popped into your mind.What does this example illustrate

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates implicit memory, which is an unconscious form of memory that we use to complete tasks automatically without conscious effort. The word "brazen" may have been absorbed subconsciously while passing the newsstand, which then surfaced without conscious intention during the memory demonstration activity.

Question 5

Your text described the case of H.M.,who,following brain surgery,developed a severe case of anterograde amnesia.Which memory task could he NOT do after the surgery

Accepted Answer

H.M. could not consolidate new long-term memories after the surgery due to his severe anterograde amnesia.

Question 6

A 45-year-old woman suddenly becomes aware of long-forgotten memories of being abused by her father when she was six years old.Her father denies the allegations.This case can be described as a typical example associated with which controversy

Accepted Answer

This case involves the sudden retrieval of long-forgotten memories of childhood abuse, which is characteristic of the recovered memory controversy. The controversy centers around the accuracy and reliability of memories that are recovered after a long period of time, particularly in cases where the accused denies the allegations.

Question 7

According to the consolidation view,where are long-term memories stored after they are consolidated in the hippocampal region

Accepted Answer

According to the consolidation view, long-term memories are stored in the cerebral cortex after they are consolidated in the hippocampal region.

Question 8

According to Daniel Schacter,what is the significance of the "memory sins" that he has described

Accepted Answer

The "memory sins" that Schacter describes are essentially minor errors in memory that occur in everyday life, such as forgetting details or confusing similar events. These errors are common and not necessarily indicative of any sort of disease or disorder, but rather are a reflection of the fact that the human memory system is not perfect. Overall, these minor errors are not particularly significant in terms of their impact on our lives, but they do suggest that memory is not an infallible source of information. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it suggests that these memory sins are simply an inconvenience rather than a cause for alarm.

Question 9

Recent research suggests that the process of neurogenesis may contribute to neural pathways that underlie memory.For example,new brain cells have been found to be forming constantly in which part of the hippocampus

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that neurogenesis contributes to neural pathways underlying memory and new brain cells are constantly forming in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.

Question 10

Which of the following is reflected in Sigmund Freud's concept of repression

Accepted Answer

Repression refers to the unconscious blocking of memories, impulses, or emotions that are deemed too painful or unacceptable. Retrieval failure refers to the inability to access stored information from long-term memory. While interference and ineffective encoding can also affect memory retrieval, they are not specific to Freud's concept of repression. Decay refers to the gradual fading of memories over time if they are not rehearsed or retrieved, which is not relevant to repression either.

Question 11

If you are in a city that you haven't visited in years,and you easily find your way to the mall "on a hunch," what are you most likely relying on

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory is the type of memory that is responsible for our ability to do tasks automatically. In this scenario, the person's ability to find their way to the mall on a hunch suggests that they are relying on implicit memory, as they are able to navigate without consciously thinking about the directions. It is unlikely that they are relying on explicit memory (B) or declarative memory (D) in this case, as those types of memory are related to consciously recalling facts and events, rather than skills or behaviors. This scenario does not provide enough information to determine whether the person is relying on working memory (C).

Question 12

What do we call the hypothetical process during which information is converted into durable long-term memory codes

Accepted Answer

The process of converting information into durable long-term memory codes is called consolidation. It involves the stabilization and strengthening of memories over time, making them more resistant to interference and decay. Storage refers to the holding of information in memory, while retention refers to the ability to retrieve information from memory. Expansion is not a term used in the context of memory processes.

Question 13

What type of memory are you using when you try to remember the events of this past year

Accepted Answer

Retrospective memory refers to the ability to remember events from the past, such as memories from the past year. Retrograde memory refers to the inability to remember events from the past, typically due to a brain injury or illness. Anterograde memory refers to the ability to store and recall new information after it has been learned, while prospective memory refers to the ability to remember to perform a specific action at a certain point in the future. Therefore, the best choice for remembering events from the past year is retrospective memory.

Question 14

Steven experienced a serious head injury during a hockey game.When he regained consciousness,he found that he couldn't remember going to the rink that day.Upon further questioning,it was revealed that he could not recall anything in the two years leading up to the injury.What sort of amnesia did Steven experience

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember events that occurred before the onset of amnesia, while anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories after the onset of amnesia. Complete amnesia and partial amnesia are not specific types of amnesia.

Question 15

Which area of the brain is associated with the consolidation of long-term memories

Accepted Answer

The hippocampal region is associated with the consolidation of long-term memories. This region of the brain plays a critical role in converting short-term memories into long-term memories, and damage to this area can lead to difficulties in forming new long-term memories.

Question 16

Which of the following is suggested about a memory trace,based on evidence about long-term potentiation (LTP)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is suggested about...

Question 17

Psychologists who accept the accuracy of recovered memories of abuse are most likely to attribute the recent upsurge in recovered memories to which factor

Accepted Answer

Psychologists who believe in the accuracy of recovered memories often attribute the increase in such memories to a greater societal willingness to discuss and acknowledge abuse, reflecting an increased sensitivity to an issue that was previously taboo or ignored.

Question 18

Endel Tulving had a well-known patient,K.C.,who could not remember anything that happened in his life Which statement does NOT accurately describe K.C.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Endel Tulving had a well-known patient,K.C.,who could...

Question 19

Following a serious car accident in which both Hank and Ron suffer head injuries,they both have amnesia.Hank cannot remember events that occurred before the accident,while Ron cannot remember events that occurred after the accident.Which types of amnesia are they experiencing

Accepted Answer

Hank is experiencing retrograde amnesia because he cannot remember events that occurred before the accident. Ron is experiencing anterograde amnesia because he cannot remember events that occurred after the accident. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 20

At Debbie's 20th high school reunion,her old friends talk about the time in Grade 11 when Debbie tripped in the cafeteria and spilled her lunch tray full of spaghetti all over the captain of the football team.Debbie enjoys hearing the story but claims to have no memory of the event.According to Sigmund Freud,what causes her lack of memory for the event

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, repression is a defense mechanism that the unconscious uses to protect the individual from anxiety associated with a traumatic or unpleasant experience. In this case, Debbie's lack of memory for the event could be the result of repression, where the memory was pushed into the unconscious mind and is no longer consciously accessible to her.

Quiz 7: B: Human Memory