Question 1

Parminder has no trouble falling asleep,but she has difficulty remaining asleep.What is Parminder suffering from

Accepted Answer

Parminder is suffering from insomnia, as she has no trouble falling asleep but has difficulty remaining asleep. Insomnia refers to the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep.

Question 2

What is the rare sleep disorder in which a person will,without warning,go directly from being awake into REM sleep

Accepted Answer

The rare sleep disorder where a person will suddenly go from being awake into REM sleep is called narcolepsy. This disorder is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep attacks. During these episodes of sleep attacks, a person with narcolepsy may experience cataplexy, which is a sudden loss of muscle tone that can cause a person to collapse. Sleep paralysis and vivid dream-like hallucinations are also common symptoms of narcolepsy.

Question 3

Tai's wife cannot sleep through the night.She claims that her husband seems to stop breathing in his sleep and then suddenly jerks awake,gasping for breath.This not only disturbs his sleep,but also awakens her.What sleep disorder does Tai likely have

Accepted Answer

Tai likely has sleep apnea, as the symptoms described include episodes of stopped breathing during sleep followed by gasping for breath upon waking. This is a characteristic symptom of sleep apnea, which is a sleep disorder that affects breathing.

Question 4

What tends to happen if you abruptly stop the use of a sedative for the treatment of insomnia

Accepted Answer

Abruptly stopping the use of sedatives for the treatment of insomnia can lead to rebound insomnia or increased insomnia, making it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep without medication. This is because the body has become dependent on the sedative and stopping its use can disrupt the natural sleep cycle.

Question 5

Which statement does NOT accurately describe the use of sleeping pills

Accepted Answer

Sleeping pills should not be used as a long-term solution for insomnia as they can lead to dependence and addiction. It is important to address the underlying cause of insomnia and use medication only as a short-term aid in conjunction with behavioral changes.

Question 6

Which group should have the highest mortality risk

Accepted Answer

Sleeping more than ten hours per night is often associated with underlying health issues and has been linked to higher mortality risk in various studies.

Question 7

Which term refers to periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning in humans

Accepted Answer

Biological rhythms refer to the natural cyclic changes in physiological functioning that occur in humans and other organisms. Examples of biological rhythms include the circadian rhythm, which determines our sleep-wake cycle, and the menstrual cycle in females. Autonomic rhythms and cultural rhythms are not commonly used terms in the context of physiological functioning, and repeating rhythms is too broad of a term.

Question 8

What symptom is characteristic of sleep apnea

Accepted Answer

Reflexive gasping for air during sleep is a characteristic symptom of sleep apnea, where the individual experiences pauses in breathing during sleep followed by sudden gasping or choking for air. This can lead to fragmented and poor-quality sleep, as well as other health complications.

Question 9

Who is statistically most likely to experience insomnia

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is more common in elderly individuals, particularly women, due to hormonal changes, menopause, chronic health conditions, medication use and changes in sleep patterns. Age and gender are the two major factors that increase the risk of insomnia.

Question 10

Carlos regularly goes directly from wakefulness to REM sleep for brief periods of time each day.This is very disruptive to his life,and he feels that he has no control over it.Which term best describes Carlos's daily pattern

Accepted Answer

Carlos exhibits symptoms of narcolepsy, which is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, often accompanied by cataplexy (loss of muscle tone). In narcolepsy, the transition from wakefulness to REM sleep is abnormally rapid and can occur at any time during the day, even during activities such as eating or talking.

Question 11

Noor has episodes in which she experiences a sudden and irresistible urge to sleep during normal waking periods.Which disorder does Noor most likely suffer from

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep during normal waking periods. It is often accompanied by symptoms such as cataplexy (loss of muscle control), sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations. Hypersomnia refers to excessive sleepiness, but does not necessarily involve sudden episodes of sleep. Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. A lack of REM rebound refers to the absence of a normal increase in REM sleep after a period of sleep deprivation or reduction.

Question 12

Anna has noticed that for the past three weeks she is unable to sleep for more than five hours at a time,even though she used to regularly get eight hours of sleep per night.She wakes early in the morning and just can't fall back to sleep.What has Anna developed

Accepted Answer

Anna's symptoms of not being able to sleep for more than five hours at a time, despite previously getting eight hours of sleep, and waking early without being able to fall back asleep, are indicative of insomnia. Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, leading to insufficient or non-restorative sleep.

Question 13

What usually occurs in REM sleep

Accepted Answer

Nightmares typically occur during REM sleep, which is characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreams, and muscle paralysis. Night terrors, sleep apnea, and sleepwalking are more likely to occur during non-REM sleep.

Question 14

What is common among people who suffer from sleep apnea

Accepted Answer

People who suffer from sleep apnea have an increased risk of heart failure due to the repeated stopping and starting of breathing during sleep, which can cause changes in blood pressure and oxygen levels. Brain lesions and somnambulism (sleepwalking) are not commonly associated with sleep apnea. Low body weight can be a risk factor for sleep apnea, but not all people who suffer from it have low body weight. Therefore, option C is the only answer that applies to all people who suffer from sleep apnea.

Question 15

In 2012,approximately how many of Canadians reported that they had used cannabis at some point in their lifetime

Accepted Answer

In 2012, approximately 40% of Canadians reported that they had used cannabis at some point in their lifetime, reflecting a significant portion of the population with experience using the substance.

Question 16

Which type of treatment does NOT produce more long-lasting benefits in the treatment of insomnia than do drug therapies

Accepted Answer

While cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation training, and sleep hygiene education have been shown to provide more long-lasting benefits than drug therapies in treating insomnia, vigorous activity (choice D) is not a recognized treatment for insomnia and therefore cannot be compared to drug therapies in terms of its effectiveness.

Question 17

What is the most common known sleep disorder

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is the most common known sleep disorder, affecting up to 30% of adults at some point in their lives. It is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, and can lead to daytime fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating.

Question 18

Caleb wants to become a fighter pilot.Which sleep disorder would most likely make him ineligible to fly fighter planes

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy, characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep, would most likely disqualify someone from becoming a fighter pilot due to the potential danger of falling asleep while flying.

Question 19

Participants in a study were asked to complete a creativity task after either a nap or a period of rest.Which pattern of results was most likely found

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that napping, especially when it includes REM sleep, can enhance creativity and problem-solving abilities. Therefore, the nap group that experienced REM sleep is likely to outperform the other groups. There may not be a significant difference between the nap group that did not experience REM sleep and the rest group, as both are not actively engaging with the task during the rest period.

Question 20

For the past two weeks,Cameron has been taking a mild sedative to help him fall asleep.What is he likely to experience over time

Accepted Answer

Over time, the body can develop a tolerance to sedatives, making them less effective at the current dosage. This can cause individuals to need a larger dose to achieve the same effect.

Quiz 5: A: Variations in Consciousness