Question 1

The offspring produced via sexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents.
A) indifferent
B) identical
C) parsimonious
D) unique

Accepted Answer

Offspring produced via sexual reproduction receive genetic material from both parents, resulting in unique combinations of genes that make them genetically distinct from their parents and from one another.

Question 2

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________.
A) fertilization
B) binary fission
C) meiosis
D) mitosis

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is the process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, replacing any damaged or dead cells in the body. Fertilization is the union of two gametes to form a zygote, binary fission is the method of asexual reproduction in which an organism divides into two, and meiosis is the process by which cells divide to produce reproductive cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.

Question 3

When does the cell plate form during cell division?
A) In the middle of animal cell mitosis
B) In the middle of plant cell mitosis
C) At the completion of animal cell mitosis
D) At the completion of plant cell mitosis

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Name the part of the chromosome indicated by the arrow. 
A) Sister chromatid
B) Gene
C) Centromere
D) Mitotic spindle

Accepted Answer

The arrow is indicating the centromere, which is the constricted region of a chromosome where the sister chromatids are held together and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Question 5

Is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity of that organism?
A) Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.
B) Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism's complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.
C) No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.
D) It depends on the type of cell of the organism.

Accepted Answer

The number of chromosomes does not necessarily indicate the complexity of an organism. For example, some plants have more chromosomes than humans, but this does not necessarily mean they are more complex. Complexity is determined by a multitude of factors such as cell differentiation, behavior, and organization.

Question 6

What is cytokinesis?
A) The stage of the cell cycle that happens before the cell is ready to divide its DNA
B) The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell separates its duplicated DNA
C) The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell duplicates its DNA
D) The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis is the stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided to form two daughter cells. This process ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes and cell organelles.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?
A) Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, chromosomes split, nuclear membrane forms
B) Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, chromosomes split, nuclear membrane dissolves
C) Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes split
D) Chromosomes split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

Accepted Answer

During mitosis, the nuclear membrane dissolves first, allowing chromosomes to line up at the cell's equator, then the chromosomes split, and finally, the nuclear membrane reforms around the separated sets of chromosomes.

Question 8

A zygote (i.e.,a fertilized egg)undergoes development to grow.What mechanism is used to generate more cells?
A) Fertilization
B) Binary fission
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis

Accepted Answer

The mechanism used to generate more cells during development of a zygote is mitosis. Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. This process allows for formation of tissues and organs during development, as well as growth and repair throughout life. Fertilization is the process by which the sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote, but it is not involved in generating more cells once the zygote is formed. Binary fission is a process of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, not eukaryotes like zygotes. Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, not somatic cells.

Question 9

When one cell goes through cell division,it produces ________.
A) two identical cells
B) two different cells
C) four identical cells
D) four different cells

Accepted Answer

During cell division, the parent cell divides and produces two identical daughter cells with the same genetic material. This process is called mitosis. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Option B is not correct because cell division produces cells that have the same genetic material as the parent cell. Option C and D are also incorrect as cell division does not produce four cells, but only two daughter cells.

Question 10

What specifically separates during mitosis?
A) Homologous chromosomes
B) Sister chromatids
C) The cytoplasm
D) The genome

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids, which are copies of each other, separate during mitosis and move to opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes.

Question 11

How much of your DNA is identical to that of another person of the same sex?
A) 99.9%
B) 99.5%
C) 90%
D) 78%

Accepted Answer

The answer of How much of your DNA is identical...

Question 12

Human white blood cells are often multinucleated (in other words,have more than one nucleus).How many chromosomes would be present in a white blood cell with two nuclei?
A) 46
B) 92
C) 184
D) It varies depending on gender.

Accepted Answer

The total number of chromosomes in a human cell is 46. However, since the white blood cell in question has two nuclei, the total number of chromosomes would be twice that amount, or 92. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.

Question 13

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?
A) Interphase
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Cytokinesis

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are duplicated during the S (synthesis) phase of interphase, which is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division by growing, replicating DNA, and synthesizing new organelles. Mitosis, meiosis, and cytokinesis are all stages of cell division that occur after the chromosomes have been duplicated in interphase.

Question 14

How many chromosomes would a typical human cell have after mitosis but before cytokinesis?
A) 0
B) 23
C) 46
D) 92

Accepted Answer

After mitosis but before cytokinesis, a typical human cell has 92 chromatids, which are considered as 92 chromosomes because each chromosome has been duplicated and consists of two sister chromatids.

Question 15

What are attached at the centromere?
A) Homologous chromosomes
B) Sister chromatids
C) Daughter cells
D) Genomes

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are attached at the centromere. Homologous chromosomes are paired in a process called synapsis during meiosis, but they attach to each other at the chiasmata, not at the centromere. Daughter cells and genomes are not attached at the centromere.

Question 16

What causes the furrow during cleavage?
A) It is a depression caused by the formation of a new cell wall.
B) A ring of contractile protein fibers pinches the cell in two.
C) Connecting proteins that had been binding adjacent cells together now dissolve.
D) A loss of water occurs.

Accepted Answer

During cleavage, a ring of contractile protein fibers made of actin and myosin pinches the cell in two. This ring is called the contractile ring and it contracts like a drawstring to create a furrow that eventually separates the two daughter cells.

Question 17

Genes are located on ________.
A) chromosomes
B) the cytoplasm
C) mitosis
D) the centromere

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of a cell. They contain the genetic information necessary for an organism's development and function. The cytoplasm, mitosis, and centromere are not locations where genes are located.

Question 18

DNA plus its associated proteins is called a ________.
A) centromere
B) gene
C) chromatin
D) genome

Accepted Answer

Chromatin refers to the combination of DNA, histones, and other associated proteins that make up the genetic material within the nucleus of a cell. Centromeres are specific regions of DNA that are important for cell division, genes are segments of DNA that carry genetic information, and the genome refers to the entire set of genetic material within an organism.

Question 19

Upon fertilization,the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n)________.
A) zygote
B) gamete
C) embryo
D) gonad

Accepted Answer

Upon fertilization, the fusion of the egg and sperm forms a zygote, which is the first cell of a new organism. Option B (gamete) is not correct as gametes are the sex cells (sperm and egg) which fuse during fertilization to form a zygote. Option C (embryo) is not correct as an embryo is formed after multiple cell divisions from a zygote, and Option D (gonad) is not correct as gonads are the organs that produce gametes.

Question 20

What type of cells do not undergo mitosis?
A) All cells of the body except gametes (i.e., only somatic cells)
B) Gametes
C) Both somatic cells of the body and gametes
D) Neither somatic cells of the body nor gametes

Accepted Answer

Gametes (sperm and egg cells) do not undergo mitosis but instead undergo meiosis to form haploid cells for sexual reproduction.

Quiz 5: Chromosomes and Inheritance

The offspring produced via sexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents.

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________.

When does the cell plate form during cell division?

Name the part of the chromosome indicated by the arrow.

Is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity of that organism?

What is cytokinesis?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

A zygote (i.e.,a fertilized egg) undergoes development to grow.What mechanism is used to generate more cells?

When one cell goes through cell division,it produces ________.

What specifically separates during mitosis?

How much of your DNA is identical to that of another person of the same sex?

Human white blood cells are often multinucleated (in other words,have more than one nucleus) .How many chromosomes would be present in a white blood cell with two nuclei?

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?

How many chromosomes would a typical human cell have after mitosis but before cytokinesis?

What are attached at the centromere?

What causes the furrow during cleavage?

Genes are located on ________.

DNA plus its associated proteins is called a ________.

Upon fertilization,the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n) ________.

What type of cells do not undergo mitosis?