Question 1

Which of the following are used to increase efficiency-meaning speed and finality--in the crime control model?

Accepted Answer

Plea bargains are used to increase efficiency in the crime control model by avoiding the lengthy process of a trial and securing a guilty plea from the defendant. This speeds up the process and provides finality to the case. Mistrials, appeals, and bench trials, on the other hand, can actually slow down the process and create more uncertainty in the outcome.

Question 2

Defendants can appeal their convictions on legal grounds,and three examples of legal grounds are listed below.Which of the following is not one of the legal grounds listed in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

The first three options (A, B, C) are direct examples of legal grounds for an appeal based on errors that can occur during a trial, such as mistaken interpretations of law, defects in jury selection, and improper admission of evidence. Illegal search and seizure, while a significant issue, is typically addressed through pre-trial motions to suppress evidence rather than as a ground for appealing a conviction.

Question 3

Due process advocates recognize that there can be no equal justice where the kind of trial a person gets,or whether he or she gets a trial at all,depends substantially on:

Accepted Answer

A person's financial status should not determine their access to due process and a fair trial. Equal justice requires that everyone, regardless of their financial resources, has the same opportunity to defend themselves in court. Those with more money can hire better lawyers or make plea deals that those with fewer resources cannot.

Question 4

How much did the federal government spend to execute mass murderer Timothy McVeigh (the cost of the entire process)?

Accepted Answer

The federal government spent approximately $13.8 million on the case against Timothy McVeigh, from the investigation following the Oklahoma City bombing through his trial and appeals, culminating in his execution. This figure, when adjusted for inflation and additional indirect costs, can be rounded to an estimated total cost of about $100 million.

Question 5

Because there is considerable conflict and confusion between different agencies of criminal justice,an accurate definition of American criminal justice may be to call it:

Accepted Answer

The conflict and confusion between different agencies of criminal justice indicate that it is not a smoothly operating or extremely uniform system. Therefore, calling it a nonsystem would be the most accurate definition.

Question 6

If defendants ask for something special,such as a trial,the criminal justice assembly line is:

Accepted Answer

If a defendant requests a trial, the criminal justice assembly line is slowed down because the trial process is lengthier and more labor-intensive than plea bargaining or other forms of resolution. This can add delays and backlog to the system.

Question 7

Herbert Packer characterizes the due process model as:

Accepted Answer

Herbert Packer characterizes the due process model as "obstacle-course justice." This is because the model emphasizes the importance of protecting the rights of the accused, which can create hurdles and obstacles for the prosecution in their effort to secure a conviction. This can make the path to a guilty verdict more challenging and lengthy, hence the term "obstacle-course justice."

Question 8

The ultimate goal of the crime control model is:

Accepted Answer

The ultimate goal of the crime control model is to prioritize control over individual rights and due process in order to maintain public safety and prevent crime. This model emphasizes swift and harsh punishment for offenders and places a greater importance on law enforcement and crime prevention measures rather than the protection of individual rights.

Question 9

How much did the state of Florida reportedly spend to administer justice to serial murderer Ted Bundy?

Accepted Answer

The state of Florida reportedly spent around $10 million to administer justice to Ted Bundy, covering costs related to his trial, incarceration, and execution.

Question 10

A major problem with the crime control model is that a presumption of guilt goes against one of the oldest and most cherished principles of American criminal justice.What is this principle?

Accepted Answer

The principle that is violated by the presumption of guilt in the crime control model is that defendants are considered innocent until proven guilty. This principle is enshrined in the Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, and is a cornerstone of American criminal justice. The crime control model's emphasis on rapid processing, harsh punishments, and strong law enforcement can easily lead to miscarriages of justice if defendants are not presumed innocent and given a fair trial.

Question 11

On which of the following doctrines is the due process model based?

Accepted Answer

The due process model is based on the doctrine of legal guilt, which emphasizes the protection of individual rights and ensuring that legal procedures are followed to determine guilt.

Question 12

When politically conservative values are dominant in society,the principles and policies of ____ seem to dominate the operation of criminal justice.

Accepted Answer

The crime control model emphasizes the importance of controlling crime and protecting society from criminals, which aligns well with politically conservative values that prioritize order and stability. The model emphasizes swift and efficient justice, prioritizes law enforcement and prosecution, and may employ stricter sentencing and punishment measures, all to deter crime and protect society from harm.

Question 13

During the Middle Ages in Europe,people commonly believed that guilt or innocence could be determined through:

Accepted Answer

During the Middle Ages in Europe, trial by ordeal was a common method for determining guilt or innocence. This involved subjecting the accused to a physical trial, such as walking over hot coals or being thrown into water. If the accused survived or emerged unscathed from the ordeal, they were considered innocent. However, if they suffered harm, they were deemed guilty.

Question 14

In 2002,a total of ____ was spent on civil and criminal justice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 2002,a total of ____ was spent...

Question 15

In the Florida burglary case described in the text,what criminal justice function cost the most?

Accepted Answer

Corrections often incur the highest costs due to expenses related to incarceration, such as housing, feeding, and supervising inmates.

Question 16

In 2002,approximately how much did criminal and civil justice cost every resident of the United States (if the costs were divided evenly among all U.S.residents)?

Accepted Answer

In 2002, the cost of criminal and civil justice in the United States, when divided evenly among all residents, was approximately $600 per person. This figure accounts for all related expenses, including law enforcement, judicial and legal costs, and corrections.

Question 17

Currently,five general types of punishment are in use in the United States.Three are listed below.Which of the following is not one of the punishments in use in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Transportation is not a punishment that is currently in use in the United States. It is an outdated punishment that was used in colonial times when criminals were transported to other countries as a form of punishment. The three punishments that are currently in use in the United States are probation, intermediate punishments, and death penalty.

Question 18

If defendants are not satisfied with the outcome of their trials,then they have the right to:

Accepted Answer

If defendants are not satisfied with the outcome of their trials, they have the right to appeal. This means they can ask a higher court to review the case and possibly overturn the previous decision. Declaring a mistrial, demanding a retrial, or requesting new counsel are not options available to the defendant after a trial has already taken place.

Question 19

Defendants can appeal their convictions on constitutional grounds,and three examples of constitutional grounds are listed below.Which of the following is not one of the constitutional grounds listed in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

Freedom of speech and public assembly is not listed as one of the constitutional grounds for appealing a conviction in the textbook. The other three options (B, C, and D) are listed.

Question 20

Criminal justice officials frequently complain that their jobs are made ____ because of the practice,common in many states,of sealing juvenile court records.

Accepted Answer

Criminal justice officials complain that their jobs are made more difficult because sealing juvenile court records can prevent them from accessing important information about an individual's criminal history or potential risk to society.

Quiz 1: Crime and Justice in the United States