Question 1

According to Freud, behaviors such as smoking, chewing gum, and biting one's fingernails probably can be traced back to unmet needs during which psychosexual stage?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, behaviors such as smoking, chewing gum, and biting nails are oral fixations, stemming from unresolved conflicts during the oral stage (birth to 18 months) characterized by oral pleasure-seeking activities related to feeding and comfort.

Question 2

According to Freud's theory, the Oedipal complex and the Electra complex occur in the ____ stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

The Oedipal complex and the Electra complex occur in the phallic stage of psychosexual development, which occurs between 3-6 years of age. During this stage, children develop unconscious sexual desires for their opposite-sex parent and view their same-sex parent as a rival. This conflict can lead to the development of gender identity and a sense of morality. Freud believed that successfully navigating this stage was necessary for healthy psychosexual development.

Question 3

A difference between a Freudian slip and a defense mechanism is that ____.

Accepted Answer

Freudian slips are unconscious errors in speech or action that reveal underlying thoughts or feelings, whereas defense mechanisms are conscious or unconscious strategies used by the ego to cope with anxiety or internal conflicts. Defense mechanisms are intentionally implemented by the ego to reduce anxiety, while Freudian slips are not intentionally implemented.

Question 4

A Freudian slip is ____.

Accepted Answer

A Freudian slip is an unconscious expression of an id impulse before the ego can control it. It is a verbal or physical mistake that is believed to reveal underlying, unconscious thoughts or feelings. Freud believed that these slips were a manifestation of unconscious desires or anxieties that could reveal information about a person's true feelings or motives.

Question 5

The Electra complex refers to a young ____ unconscious sexual urge to bond with _____.

Accepted Answer

The Electra complex is a theory proposed by Carl Jung, which is the female counterpart to the Oedipus complex. It refers to a young girl's unconscious sexual desire to bond with her father and rival her mother for his attention and affection.

Question 6

Rosalinda wants a new doll, but she has no money. The thought of stealing the doll crosses Rosalinda's mind, but she decides not to because stealing is wrong. According to Freud, Rosalinda's decision not to steal is most influenced by the ____.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, the superego is the moral component of personality that develops as a result of internalizing societal and parental values. It governs moral and ethical behavior and can override the impulses of the id, which is the primitive and impulsive component of personality. Therefore, Rosalinda's decision not to steal is most likely influenced by her superego, which is responsible for regulating impulses and promoting moral behavior.

Question 7

Freud's psychosexual stages reflect ____.

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychosexual stages reflect the natural shifts of pleasure from one part of the body to another, such as from the mouth to the genitals as a child develops.

Question 8

In Freudian theory, the _______ principle drives the instincts of the id.

Accepted Answer

The pleasure principle is the driving force behind the instincts of the id, according to Freudian theory. The id seeks immediate gratification of its desires and seeks to avoid discomfort or pain.

Question 9

According to Freud, when a young boy experiences the Oedipal complex, he resolves it by ____.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, resolving the Oedipal complex involves identifying with the same-sex parent and internalizing their values and behaviors. In the case of a young boy, he would identify with his father and adopt masculine characteristics and gender roles.

Question 10

In Freudian theory, the phallic stage and the genital stage are similar in that they both ____.

Accepted Answer

Both the phallic stage (ages 3-6) and the genital stage (puberty to adulthood) involve the genitals as the primary erogenous zone. In the phallic stage, the child becomes aware of their own genitalia and experiences the Oedipus or Electra complex. In the genital stage, the individual's sexual desires are focused on heterosexual intimacy.

Question 11

Freudian theory contends that defense mechanisms are used ____.

Accepted Answer

Freudian theory posits that defense mechanisms are used by everyone on a regular basis as a way to protect the individual from anxiety and distress caused by unconscious conflicts, traumatic experiences, or unacceptable feelings and thoughts.

Question 12

In which psychosexual stage would Freud predict that same-sex friendships would be the most predominant?

Accepted Answer

During the latency stage (ages 6-12), Freud theorized that sexual impulses are repressed and children focus on developing same-sex friendships and exploring other non-sexual interests. Therefore, Freud would predict that same-sex friendships would be the most predominant during this stage.

Question 13

According to Freud, the phallic stage occurs from ____ years of age.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the phallic stage occurs from 3 to 6 years of age.

Question 14

When Wendy kisses James, she says, "I love you, Bill." Followers of Freud would say that this is ____.

Accepted Answer

This is a clear example of a Freudian slip, which is an unintentional error that reveals one's true underlying thoughts or feelings. In this case, Wendy likely has some unconscious association between James and the name Bill, which caused her to accidentally say the wrong name.

Question 15

The superego is ____.

Accepted Answer

The superego is the aspect of personality that represents one's moral conscience, including the internalized sense of right and wrong that is instilled by society and family. It strives to control the impulses of the id and is concerned with morality and ethics.

Question 16

Freud's latency stage most differs from the other stages in that the latency stage is the only one that does not involve ____.

Accepted Answer

The latency stage is the period between 6 years and puberty during which there is a decrease in sexual impulses and no specific erogenous zone fixation. The other stages involve the focus and resolution of conflicts related to erogenous zones, defense mechanisms, the Oedipal complex, and psychic energy.

Question 17

Anal-retentiveness is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

Anal-retentiveness is a fixation according to Freudian theory, which suggests that an individual's personality development can become fixated at a certain psychosexual stage. In this case, fixation at the anal stage can result in anal-retentive personality traits such as being extremely organized and tidy, or overly concerned with cleanliness.

Question 18

According to psychoanalytic theory, personality problems arise when ____.

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, personality problems arise when a person's ego has become overwhelmed by the id (primitive, instinctual part of the psyche) or the superego (moralistic part of the psyche). This creates an imbalance and can result in maladaptive behavior.

Question 19

According to Freud, a person whose oral needs were not met as a child would develop a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, oral needs are one of the first stages of development, and if not met adequately, it could lead to an oral fixation, where a person may have an excessive focus on oral behaviors such as eating, smoking, or nail-biting. This can have an impact on their personality and behavior throughout their life.

Question 20

Which sequence correctly represents the order of Freud's psychosexual stages?

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychosexual stages of development are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Quiz 11: Personality