Question 1

Which statement is TRUE regarding the case of H.M. presented in the textbook?
A) The surgery to reduce his epileptic seizures destroyed his hypothalamus.
B) His brain lesions led to an inability to remember the faces of family members.
C) He was almost completely unable to learn new motor skills.
D) His memory for events prior to the surgery remained intact.

Accepted Answer

H.M.'s memory for events prior to the surgery (specifically, up until a few years prior) remained intact, while his ability to form new long-term memories was severely impaired.

Question 2

Recent research has shown that persons with autism spectrum disorders experience abnormal activity in the ____.
A) medulla
B) cerebellum
C) pons
D) amygdala

Accepted Answer

Recent research has shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorders experience abnormal activity in the amygdala. The amygdala is a small almond-shaped structure in the brain that is involved in emotional processing and the regulation of social behavior. Dysfunction in this area may contribute to the social and emotional difficulties commonly observed in individuals with autism.

Question 3

The medulla and the pons are both ____.
A) part of the midbrain
B) crucial to life
C) responsible for arm and leg movement
D) involved in higher cognitive function

Accepted Answer

The medulla and pons are both crucial to life as they are involved in controlling vital functions such as respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Question 4

Which of the following is part of the hindbrain?
A) Medulla
B) Reticular formation
C) Cerebral cortex
D) Limbic system

Accepted Answer

The medulla is the part of the hindbrain that controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The reticular formation, limbic system, and cerebral cortex are all located in other areas of the brain.

Question 5

In the case of S.M. reported in your textbook, S.M. has not experienced which emotion during her adult life?
A) Anger
B) Curiosity
C) Fear
D) Happiness

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, S.M. has damage to her amygdala which has resulted in her inability to experience fear, even in potentially threatening situations. She has experienced other emotions, including anger, curiosity, and happiness.

Question 6

The medulla is to ____ as the reticular formation is to ____.
A) muscle movement; emotion
B) judgment; vision
C) breathing; arousal
D) pleasure drives; aggression

Accepted Answer

The medulla is responsible for regulating automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The reticular formation, on the other hand, plays a crucial role in regulating arousal and attention.

Question 7

Of the following, alcohol primarily impairs the functioning of the ____.
A) hypothalamus
B) cerebellum
C) thalamus
D) amygdala

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain, is responsible for coordinating movement and balance. Alcohol primarily impairs the function of the cerebellum, leading to the slurred speech and lack of coordination often associated with intoxication.

Question 8

Kiesha was driving in her car when a tractor-trailer pulled out in front of her and almost caused an accident. Which branch of Kiesha's nervous system would be most responsible for the functioning of her internal organs during this crisis?
A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) endocrine

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response during a crisis situation like almost getting into an accident. It activates the release of adrenaline and other stress hormones, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and redirecting blood flow to the muscles and away from the digestive and other internal organs.

Question 9

Contrary to the structures of the hindbrain and the midbrain, most structures of the forebrain are ____.
A) duplicated in right and left hemispheres
B) largely made up of neurons and glia
C) not able to communicate with each other
D) not part of the central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The forebrain is divided into two hemispheres, each containing duplicated structures such as the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

Question 10

The pons is part of the ____.
A) forebrain
B) midbrain
C) hindbrain
D) spinal cord

Accepted Answer

The pons is located in the hindbrain, which is responsible for regulating basic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and sleep.

Question 11

Suppose that you are unable to remember any of the events or episodes of your life. This may be because of damage to your ____.
A) frontal lobe
B) occipital lobe
C) hippocampus
D) septum

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is responsible for the formation and retrieval of memories, so damage to this area can result in amnesia or the inability to remember past events or episodes.

Question 12

Tan was in a diving accident. He hit his head on some rocks and suffered severe damage to his brainstem. In particular, he damaged his medulla. Knowing what you know about the brain, what effect will this injury most likely have on Tan?
A) He will have difficulty balancing his body.
B) He will have problems with his short-term memory.
C) He will have problems with his vision.
D) He will have problems sustaining life.

Accepted Answer

The medulla is responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing and heart rate. Severe damage to the medulla can result in the inability to sustain life.

Question 13

Based on the case of H.M., the hippocampus appears to be important in ____.
A) experiencing pleasurable sensations
B) sustaining life
C) making logical judgments
D) forming memories for events

Accepted Answer

The case of H.M. demonstrated that damage to the hippocampus resulted in the inability to form new memories for events. It did not have a significant impact on experiencing pleasure, sustaining life, or making logical judgments.

Question 14

The sympathetic nervous system activates a(n) ____ response, and the parasympathetic nervous system activates a(n) ____ response.
A) stress; calming
B) calming; stress
C) involuntary; voluntary
D) voluntary; involuntary

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system releases adrenaline, which prepares the body for "fight or flight" in response to stress or danger. This includes increased heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, promotes relaxation and calming functions such as lowered heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 15

Whereas the hindbrain is the ____ part of the brain, the forebrain is the ____ part of the brain.
A) emotional; physical
B) physical; life-sustaining
C) intellectual; emotional
D) primitive; intellectual

Accepted Answer

The hindbrain is responsible for primitive functions such as breathing and heart rate, while the forebrain is responsible for intellectual functions such as reasoning and problem solving. Therefore, choice D, primitive; intellectual is the best option.

Question 16

Which brain structure is part of the forebrain?
A) Medulla
B) Pons
C) Cerebellum
D) Amygdala

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is a part of the forebrain, which is responsible for a variety of functions including emotion, memory, and decision-making. The medulla, pons, and cerebellum are all located in the hindbrain and midbrain.

Question 17

A person whose cerebellum is damaged would most likely experience problems with ____.
A) breathing
B) thinking
C) physical coordination
D) consciousness

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating and regulating movements, balance, and posture. Damage to this part of the brain can result in problems with physical coordination and movements, such as difficulty with walking, balance, and fine motor skills. It is not typically involved in breathing, thinking, or consciousness.

Question 18

The medulla is responsible for ____.
A) decision making
B) biological drives such as hunger and thirst
C) voluntary movement
D) heartbeat and respiration

Accepted Answer

The medulla, which is located in the hindbrain, is responsible for controlling vital functions such as heartbeat and respiration. It plays a critical role in maintaining overall bodily homeostasis.

Question 19

Which part of the brain plays an important role in sleep, attention, and consciousness?
A) Limbic system
B) Cerebellum
C) Hippocampus
D) Reticular formation

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation, located in the brainstem, plays a crucial role in regulating sleep, attention, and consciousness.

Question 20

Recent research has indicated that the amygdala may play a role in how we ____.
A) perceive and respond to emotion-evoking stimuli
B) process and remember information, such as names and dates
C) develop a tolerance for addictive substances
D) move from various states of consciousness, such as from wakefulness to sleep

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is known to be involved in the processing of emotional information and plays a role in how we perceive and respond to emotion-evoking stimuli. It is also involved in the production and regulation of emotions.

Quiz 2: Neuroscience

Which statement is TRUE regarding the case of H.M. presented in the textbook?

Recent research has shown that persons with autism spectrum disorders experience abnormal activity in the ____.

The medulla and the pons are both ____.

Which of the following is part of the hindbrain?

In the case of S.M. reported in your textbook, S.M. has not experienced which emotion during her adult life?

The medulla is to as the reticular formation is to .

Of the following, alcohol primarily impairs the functioning of the ____.

Kiesha was driving in her car when a tractor-trailer pulled out in front of her and almost caused an accident. Which branch of Kiesha's nervous system would be most responsible for the functioning of her internal organs during this crisis?

Contrary to the structures of the hindbrain and the midbrain, most structures of the forebrain are ____.

The pons is part of the ____.

Suppose that you are unable to remember any of the events or episodes of your life. This may be because of damage to your ____.

Tan was in a diving accident. He hit his head on some rocks and suffered severe damage to his brainstem. In particular, he damaged his medulla. Knowing what you know about the brain, what effect will this injury most likely have on Tan?

Based on the case of H.M., the hippocampus appears to be important in ____.

The sympathetic nervous system activates a(n) response, and the parasympathetic nervous system activates a(n) response.

Whereas the hindbrain is the part of the brain, the forebrain is the part of the brain.

Which brain structure is part of the forebrain?

A person whose cerebellum is damaged would most likely experience problems with ____.

The medulla is responsible for ____.

Which part of the brain plays an important role in sleep, attention, and consciousness?

Recent research has indicated that the amygdala may play a role in how we ____.