Question 1

The dominant force in American psychology from the early 1920s until the 1960s was ____.
A) psychoanalytic theory
B) structuralism
C) humanism
D) behaviorism

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism was the dominant force in American psychology during the first half of the 20th century. This school of thought focused on observable behavior and was heavily influenced by the work of psychologists such as Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and John Watson. Psychoanalytic theory and humanism emerged as alternative perspectives during this time period, but behaviorism remained the most influential approach in American psychology until the emergence of cognitive psychology in the 1960s. Structuralism, on the other hand, was a school of thought that emerged in the late 19th century and was largely replaced by functionalism in the early 20th century.

Question 2

Dr. Ali is a psychologist who believes that psychology should not attempt to understand the mind, but rather should focus on understanding peoples' observable actions. Dr. Ali's approach deals with ______________ psychology.
A) psychoanalytic
B) behavioral
C) functional
D) structural

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ali's approach is focused on observable actions, which aligns with the principles of behavioral psychology. Psychoanalytic psychology involves attempting to understand the unconscious mind, while functional and structural psychology deal with the way different mental processes interact and are organized.

Question 3

For psychology to be considered a true science, it must focus on observable behavior and not on the mind, according to the school of thought referred to as _______.
A) environmentalism
B) behaviorism
C) structuralism
D) humanism

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism is the school of thought that emphasizes the study of observable behavior rather than mental processes or subjective experiences. It views psychology as a natural science that should focus on measurable and objective behaviors that can be observed and measured, rather than hypothetical constructs like the mind or consciousness. Therefore, behaviorism considers psychology to be a true science only if it focuses on observable behavior.

Question 4

What happened to Little Albert?
A) He was conditioned to be afraid of a white rat.
B) He underwent extensive psychoanalysis.
C) He learned to press a lever to get candy.
D) He suffered brain damage from a terrible accident.

Accepted Answer

Little Albert was a child who was subject to an experiment conducted by John Watson and Rosalie Raynor. They conditioned him to fear a white rat by pairing it with a loud noise, which eventually resulted in him showing fear towards similar-looking objects.

Question 5

Your psychology teacher believes that for psychology to be truly scientific, it must focus on observable and measurable actions. Your teacher is most likely a ____.
A) behaviorist
B) humanist
C) psychoanalytic theorist
D) clinical psychologist

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists focus on observable and measurable actions, and emphasize the scientific method in psychology. This is consistent with the belief that psychology should be focused on observable and measurable behaviors.

Question 6

Discontent with behaviorism was partially responsible for the emergence of ____ in the 1960s.
A) humanism
B) psychoanalytic theory
C) the physiological perspective
D) functionalism

Accepted Answer

Humanism emerged as a response to the limitations of behaviorism, which was seen as too mechanistic and focused solely on observable behavior. Humanism emphasized subjective experience, free will, and personal growth, which were seen as neglected by behaviorism.

Question 7

The ancient Indian texts of knowledge, The Vedas, describe ____ as energy processing centers within the body that govern physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health.
A) tantrics
B) ashtangas
C) chakras
D) ayurvedas

Accepted Answer

The Vedas describe chakras as energy processing centers within the body that govern physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. Tantrics refer to practitioners of tantra, a type of Hindu or Buddhist mystical practice. Ashtanga refers to the eight limbs of yoga. Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine native to India.

Question 8

Psychologists who look for a physical cause for a particular behavior adopt a(n) ____ perspective.
A) humanistic
B) sociocultural
C) biological
D) evolutionary

Accepted Answer

When psychologists look for a physical cause for a particular behavior, they are adopting a biological perspective. This perspective focuses on the biological and physiological factors that influence behavior, such as genetics, brain structure and function, hormones, and neurotransmitters.

Question 9

John asserts that men are not predisposed to monogamy, because having sex with lots of women increases the likelihood that they will successfully reproduce and transmit their genes to the next generation. John's explanation is most consistent with ____ psychology.
A) biological
B) psychodynamic
C) humanistic
D) evolutionary

Accepted Answer

John's explanation is based on the idea of evolutionary psychology, which posits that behaviors and traits evolve over time via natural selection in order to enhance survival and reproduction. Therefore, John's assertion that men are not predisposed to monogamy because multiple sexual partners increase the likelihood of successful reproduction is consistent with evolutionary psychology.

Question 10

The ideas of Sigmund Freud led to the formulation of ____ theory.
A) humanistic
B) psychoanalytic
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud's ideas form the basis of psychoanalytic theory, which focuses on the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.

Question 11

Any object or event that is perceived by our senses is called a ____.
A) diathesis
B) reinforcer
C) stimulus
D) sensation

Accepted Answer

A stimulus is any object or event that can be perceived by our senses, such as a sound, sight, smell, taste, or touch. It can trigger a response in our nervous system and elicit a behavioral or emotional reaction. Diathesis refers to a vulnerability or predisposition to a certain condition, while a reinforcer is a consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Sensation refers to the initial process of detecting a stimulus through the sensory organs.

Question 12

Who was the "father of medicine" who believed that personality was in part a reflection of the mix of chemicals in the body?
A) Hippocrates
B) Freud
C) Wundt
D) Titchener

Accepted Answer

The "father of medicine" who believed that personality was in part a reflection of the mix of chemicals in the body was Hippocrates.

Question 13

Psychoanalysis is a therapy developed by ________.
A) Freud
B) Pavlov
C) Watson
D) Skinner

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis was developed by Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, and is based on his theories of the unconscious mind and the role of childhood experiences in shaping adult behavior. Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner are associated with behaviorism and classical conditioning, which are separate schools of thought from psychoanalysis.

Question 14

Assumptions about behavior originally conceived by Freud, and modified by his followers, are the basis for the __________ perspective.
A) humanistic
B) eclectic
C) behaviorist
D) psychodynamic

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective is directly based on assumptions about behavior originally conceived by Freud and modified by his followers. This perspective emphasizes the unconscious mind and the influence of early childhood experiences on behavior.

Question 15

Edward Titchener is most associated with ____.
A) psychoanalysis
B) introspection
C) humanism
D) behaviorism

Accepted Answer

Edward Titchener is most associated with introspection, a method of self-observation in which individuals carefully inspect and report on the contents of their own thoughts and emotions. Titchener was a structuralist who believed that the mind could be broken down into its most basic elements and studied systematically through introspection.

Question 16

The field of science that investigates the relationships between the nervous system and behavior/mental processes is ____.
A) evolutionary psychology
B) psychodynamic psychology
C) neuroscience
D) behaviorism

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience is the field of science that investigates the relationships between the nervous system and behavior/mental processes. Evolutionary psychology focuses on the ways in which human behavior has evolved and psychodynamic psychology emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in shaping behavior. Behaviorism is a theoretical perspective that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior in understanding human experience.

Question 17

Which statement is true with regard to the beginnings of scientific psychology?
A) Wilhelm Wundt was primarily interested in studying conscious experience and mental processes.
B) John Watson used a process called introspection to examine the sensations and feelings of trained observers.
C) William James established the first scientific laboratory in Germany to study mental processes.
D) Gilbert Haven Jones was primarily interested in the function that behaviors and thoughts serve for organisms.

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is widely considered the founder of modern psychology, and he opened the first scientific laboratory dedicated to the study of conscious experience and mental processes in Leipzig, Germany in 1879.

Question 18

The psychoanalytic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud emphasized ____.
A) behavior
B) self-determination
C) unconscious mind processes
D) evolutionary processes

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud emphasized the role of unconscious mind processes in shaping human behavior, thoughts, and emotions. Freud believed that the unconscious mind contained repressed memories and desires that affected individuals' conscious experiences and actions. Therefore, the correct answer is C - unconscious mind processes.

Question 19

Wilhelm Wundt is to ____ as William James is to ____.
A) functionalism; structuralism
B) structuralism; functionalism
C) science; pseudoscience
D) behavioral observation; introspection

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is considered the founder of structuralism which focused on breaking down mental processes into their smallest elements, while William James is considered the founder of functionalism which focused on the adaptive functions of mental processes.

Question 20

Behaviorism is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of ____.
A) observable actions
B) unconscious mental processes
C) conscious mental processes
D) feelings of self-worth and potential

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism focuses on observable actions or behaviors, rather than on unconscious or conscious mental processes, feelings, or potential.

Quiz 1: The Science of Psychology

The dominant force in American psychology from the early 1920s until the 1960s was ____.

Dr. Ali is a psychologist who believes that psychology should not attempt to understand the mind, but rather should focus on understanding peoples' observable actions. Dr. Ali's approach deals with ______________ psychology.

For psychology to be considered a true science, it must focus on observable behavior and not on the mind, according to the school of thought referred to as _______.

What happened to Little Albert?

Your psychology teacher believes that for psychology to be truly scientific, it must focus on observable and measurable actions. Your teacher is most likely a ____.

Discontent with behaviorism was partially responsible for the emergence of ____ in the 1960s.

The ancient Indian texts of knowledge, The Vedas, describe ____ as energy processing centers within the body that govern physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health.

Psychologists who look for a physical cause for a particular behavior adopt a(n) ____ perspective.

John asserts that men are not predisposed to monogamy, because having sex with lots of women increases the likelihood that they will successfully reproduce and transmit their genes to the next generation. John's explanation is most consistent with ____ psychology.

The ideas of Sigmund Freud led to the formulation of ____ theory.

Any object or event that is perceived by our senses is called a ____.

Who was the "father of medicine" who believed that personality was in part a reflection of the mix of chemicals in the body?

Psychoanalysis is a therapy developed by ________.

Assumptions about behavior originally conceived by Freud, and modified by his followers, are the basis for the __________ perspective.

Edward Titchener is most associated with ____.

The field of science that investigates the relationships between the nervous system and behavior/mental processes is ____.

Which statement is true with regard to the beginnings of scientific psychology?

The psychoanalytic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud emphasized ____.

Wilhelm Wundt is to as William James is to .

Behaviorism is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of ____.