Question 1

The use of "suicide" genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to
A)prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment.
B)kill the modified organisms before they are released in the environment.
C)delete genes necessary for modified organism's growth.
D)provide for resistance of the modified organisms to pesticides.
E)provide a means to eliminate non-modified organisms.

Accepted Answer

The use of "suicide" genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment. These genes cause the modified organism to die if specific conditions are not met, such as the absence of a certain nutrient or exposure to a particular chemical. This ensures that the modified organisms cannot survive and grow outside of controlled laboratory conditions.

Question 2

You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR.After 3 replication cycles,how many double-stranded DNA molecules do you have?
A)2
B)4
C)8
D)16
E)thousands

Accepted Answer

Each replication cycle doubles the number of double-stranded DNA molecules. Therefore, after one cycle, there are 2 molecules, after two cycles there are 4 molecules, and after three cycles there are 8 molecules.

Question 3

Accomplishments of rDNA methods for agriculture include
A)antisense DNA to prevent softening of tomatoes.
B)Pseudomonas expressing Bt toxin.
C)disease resistant food animals.
D)antisense DNA and disease resistant food animals.
E)antisense DNA,Bt-expressing Pseudomonas and disease resistant food animals.

Accepted Answer

The best choice is E, which includes all three options: antisense DNA, Bt-expressing Pseudomonas, and disease-resistant food animals. Antisense DNA has been used to prevent softening of tomatoes, which can help to extend their shelf life. Bt-expressing Pseudomonas is a type of genetically modified bacteria that has been used to control pest insects in crops. Disease-resistant food animals have been produced using rDNA techniques, which can improve animal health and reduce the use of antibiotics in agriculture. Therefore, choice (E) includes all the major accomplishments of rDNA methods for agriculture.

Question 4

The Pap test for cervical cancer involves microscopic examination of cervical cells for cancerous cells.A new,rapid diagnostic test to detect human papilloma virus (HPV)DNA before cancer develops is done without microscopic exam.The steps involved in this FastHPV test are listed below.What is the second step?
A)Add an RNA probe for HPV DNA.
B)Lyse human cells.
C)Add enzyme-linked antibodies against DNA-RNA.
D)Add enzyme substrate.
E)The order is unimportant.

Accepted Answer

The second step in the FastHPV test process, after lysing human cells to release DNA, involves adding an RNA probe specific for HPV DNA. This probe will hybridize or bind to any HPV DNA present, allowing for its detection in subsequent steps.

Question 5

A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is
A)Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
B)Thermus aquaticus.
C)Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
D)Bacillus thuringiensis.
E)Pseudomonas.

Accepted Answer

Thermus aquaticus is a thermophilic bacterium that lives in hot springs and is known to produce Taq polymerase, a heat-stable DNA polymerase widely used in PCR reactions.

Question 6

Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants?
A)gene guns
B)protoplast fusion
C)Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium
D)microinjection
E)electroporation

Accepted Answer

Microinjection is not used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants. It is a technique used for introducing foreign DNA into animal cells. Gene guns, protoplast fusion, Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium, and electroporation are all methods commonly used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants.

Question 7

Which of the following places the steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order?
1)Incubate at 94°C to denature DNA strands;
2)Incubate at 72°C for DNA synthesis;
3)Incubate at 60°C for primer hybridization.
A)1,2,3
B)3,2,1
C)1,3,2
D)2;1;3
E)3;1;2

Accepted Answer

The PCR procedure starts with denaturing the DNA strands by incubating at 94°C (step 1), followed by annealing the primers to the target DNA sequence by incubating at 60°C (step 3). Finally, DNA synthesis takes place by the DNA polymerase enzyme at 72°C (step 2). Therefore, the correct order of the steps in the PCR procedure is 1, 3, and 2, which is given by option C.

Question 8

The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes
A)replica plating possible.
B)direct selection possible.
C)the recombinant cell dangerous.
D)the recombinant cell unable to survive.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering allows for direct selection of cells that have taken up the plasmid. Cells that have not taken up the plasmid will not have the antibiotic resistance and will die, while cells that have taken up the plasmid will survive due to the resistance gene. This allows for easy selection and enrichment of the desired recombinant cells.

Question 9

Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry additive.You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid.This is done by
A)irradiating the cells.
B)site-directed mutagenesis.
C)enrichment.
D)selective breeding.
E)selection.

Accepted Answer

Site-directed mutagenesis allows for the precise modification of a specific gene or amino acid sequence, making it the most appropriate method for altering the lipase enzyme. Irradiation, enrichment, selective breeding, and selection would not result in a targeted modification of the desired amino acid.

Question 10

Figure 9.5
 
-In Figure 9.5,the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are
A)HindIII,BamHI,and EcoRI.
B)ampᴿ and lacZ.
C)ori.
D)ampᴿ and ori.
E)lacZ and ori.

Accepted Answer

The marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA in Figure 9.5 are ampᴿ and lacZ. These genes are commonly used in plasmid vectors to allow for selection and screening of transformants. Ampᴿ (ampicillin resistance) provides resistance to ampicillin, allowing for selection of cells that have taken up the plasmid, while lacZ (β-galactosidase) allows for screening of cells that have successfully incorporated the DNA of interest by assessing their ability to metabolize certain substrates.

Question 11

The Human Genome Project,which was completed in 2003,was focused on
A)identifying all of the genes in the human genome.
B)determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.
C)determining all of the proteins encoded by the human genome.
D)finding a cure for all human genetic disorders.
E)cloning all of the genes of the human genome.

Accepted Answer

The Human Genome Project was a massive scientific effort to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome. It aimed to identify and map all the genes present in human DNA and provide a complete sequence of the human genome. The project was completed in 2003, and the data collected has since been used to study and understand genetic diseases and disorders.

Question 12

You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene.The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase.This process is
A)translation.
B)restriction mapping.
C)transformation.
D)PCR.
E)site-directed mutagenesis.

Accepted Answer

The process described is PCR (polymerase chain reaction) which uses a primer and heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify a specific region of DNA, making it useful for detecting specific genes or mutations. Translation involves the conversion of mRNA into protein, restriction mapping involves identifying restriction enzyme recognition sites in DNA samples, transformation involves the uptake of foreign DNA by bacterial cells, and site-directed mutagenesis involves intentional introduction of specific mutations into a DNA sequence.

Question 13

A restriction fragment is
A)a gene.
B)a segment of DNA.
C)a segment of mRNA.
D)a segment of tRNA.
E)cDNA.

Accepted Answer

A restriction fragment is a segment of DNA that has been cut by a restriction enzyme, which recognizes specific sequences of nucleotides and cuts the DNA at those sites. The resulting fragments can then be analyzed for various purposes, such as genetic mapping or cloning.

Question 14

Figure 9.5
 
-In Figure 9.5,the gene that allows the plasmid to be self-replicating is
A)HindIII.
B)ampᴿ.
C)ori.
D)EcoRI.
E)lacZ.

Accepted Answer

The gene that allows the plasmid to be self-replicating is called ori, which is the origin of replication.

Question 15

In the Southern blot technique,which of the following is NOT required?
A)transfer of DNA to nitrocellulose
B)addition of a labeled probe to identify the gene of interest
C)restriction enzyme digestion of DNA
D)electrophoresis to separate fragments
E)addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA

Accepted Answer

The addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA is not required in the Southern blot technique. This technique involves transfer of DNA fragments from an electrophoresis gel to a solid support like nitrocellulose, followed by probe hybridization to identify the gene of interest. Restriction enzyme digestion of DNA is required to generate specific fragments which can be separated by electrophoresis.

Question 16

The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X.
1-Translation
2-Restriction enzyme
3-Prokaryotic transcription
4-DNA ligase
5-Transformation
6-Eukaryotic transcription
7-Reverse transcription
Which of the following places the steps in the correct order?
A)5,2,3,4,7,6,1
B)1,2,3,5,4,7,6
C)6,7,2,3,4,5,1
D)6,7,2,4,5,3,1
E)6,2,1,3,4,5,7

Accepted Answer

To produce a human protein in a bacterium, the process starts with eukaryotic transcription (6) of the human gene into mRNA, followed by reverse transcription (7) to create cDNA from the mRNA. This cDNA is then cut with restriction enzymes (2) and joined into a plasmid using DNA ligase (4). The plasmid is introduced into the bacterium through transformation (5), and the bacterium uses its machinery for prokaryotic transcription (3) and translation (1) to produce the human protein.

Question 17

Figure 9.5
 
-Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in Figure 9.5 into E.coli?
A)microinjection
B)transformation
C)gene guns
D)Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium

Accepted Answer

The most common method used to introduce plasmids into E.coli is transformation. In transformation, the plasmid DNA is mixed with competent E.coli cells, and heat shock is used to facilitate the entry of plasmid DNA across the cell membrane. Microinjection is a method used for introducing DNA into individual cells, such as embryonic cells, but not for introducing DNA into bacteria. Gene guns and Ti plasmids with Agrobacterium are methods used for introducing DNA into plant cells, not bacteria.

Question 18

The field of proteomics concerns itself with
A)identifying an organism that makes improved enzymes.
B)discovering the function of genes from a genetic sequence.
C)determining all of the proteins expressed by a cell.
D)synthesizing proteins from altered genetic sequences.
E)identifying pathogens using RFLPs.

Accepted Answer

The field of proteomics aims to identify and characterize all of the proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism, as well as their functions, interactions, and modifications. It involves various techniques and methods for analyzing and quantifying protein expression, structure, localization, and activity, such as mass spectrometry, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, antibody arrays, and bioinformatics. Proteomics can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of disease, drug discovery and development, biomarker identification, and personalized medicine. Therefore, option C is the best choice as it accurately defines the field of proteomics.

Question 19

Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral diseases,such as hepatitis B?
A)RNA interference (RNAi)
B)complementary DNA (cDNA)
C)reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
D)tumor-inducing plasmids (Ti plasmids)
E)DNA fingerprinting

Accepted Answer

RNA interference (RNAi) is a technique used to silence specific genes by introducing small pieces of RNA that are complementary to the target gene, which prevents its expression. This technique holds promise for treating cancer or viral diseases such as hepatitis B. The other options listed are not directly related to gene silencing for disease treatment.

Question 20

Which of the following are used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track outbreaks of foodborne disease?
A)DNA fingerprints
B)restriction fragment length polymorphisms
C)reverse-transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
D)DNA fingerprints and restriction fragment length polymorphisms
E)DNA fingerprints,restriction fragment length polymorphisms,and reverse-transcriptase PCR(rtPCR)

Accepted Answer

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) use multiple tools to track outbreaks of foodborne diseases, including DNA fingerprints, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and reverse-transcriptase PCR (rtPCR). Therefore, the best choice would be E as it includes all three methods.

Quiz 9: Biotechnology and Dna Technology

The use of "suicide" genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to

You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR.After 3 replication cycles,how many double-stranded DNA molecules do you have?

Accomplishments of rDNA methods for agriculture include

A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is

Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants?

Which of the following places the steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order? 1) Incubate at 94°C to denature DNA strands; 2) Incubate at 72°C for DNA synthesis; 3) Incubate at 60°C for primer hybridization.

The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes

Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry additive.You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid.This is done by

Figure 9.5 -In Figure 9.5,the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are

The Human Genome Project,which was completed in 2003,was focused on

You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene.The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase.This process is

A restriction fragment is

Figure 9.5 -In Figure 9.5,the gene that allows the plasmid to be self-replicating is

In the Southern blot technique,which of the following is NOT required?

The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X. 1-Translation 2-Restriction enzyme 3-Prokaryotic transcription 4-DNA ligase 5-Transformation 6-Eukaryotic transcription 7-Reverse transcription Which of the following places the steps in the correct order?

Figure 9.5 -Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in Figure 9.5 into E.coli?

The field of proteomics concerns itself with

Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral diseases,such as hepatitis B?

Which of the following are used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track outbreaks of foodborne disease?