Question 1

Vurpillot's (1968) study on the development of visual search found that

Accepted Answer

Vurpillot's study found that young children conduct extremely unsystematic searches. There is no evidence in the study to support choices A, C, or D.

Question 2

Barkley (1997, 2000) has suggested that an improperly functioning _____ lobe may be involved in ADHD.

Accepted Answer

Barkley suggests that the frontal lobe, which is responsible for executive functions such as attention, inhibition, and working memory, may be implicated in ADHD when it is not functioning properly.

Question 3

Research from the Multimodal Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder Study indicates that the most effective treatment for ADHD

Accepted Answer

The Multimodal Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder Study found that the most effective treatment for ADHD involves both drug and behavioral intervention. This combination approach resulted in the greatest reduction in ADHD symptoms and improved functioning in various areas of life. Simply using drugs or only implementing behavioral interventions was not as effective. Letting the disorder simply "run its course" is not a recommended approach as ADHD can significantly impact an individual's daily functioning and quality of life if left untreated.

Question 4

Statistically, an estimated _____ percent of ADHD children outgrow their problems, _____ percent continue to have severe problems as adults, and _____ percent have at least some mild problems throughout their lives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Statistically, an estimated _____ percent of ADHD...

Question 5

Tyler's biggest problem is that he never seems to stop and think before he says anything, and he appears unable to stop from interrupting every conversation he encounters. If this is true, Tyler has significant problems with

Accepted Answer

Impulsivity refers to acting without thinking first, and interrupting conversations would be an impulsive behavior. Attention (A) and hyperactivity (C) are characteristics of ADHD but do not necessarily apply to Tyler's specific behavior. Dysphoria (D) refers to a feeling of discomfort or discontent and is not related to Tyler's behavior.

Question 6

Concerning sex difference in rates of ADHD,

Accepted Answer

Research shows that boys are diagnosed with ADHD at a significantly higher rate than girls, but there is evidence to suggest that girls may be underdiagnosed due to differences in how symptoms manifest. Girls with ADHD may be less likely to exhibit disruptive behavior and more likely to have difficulties with inattentiveness and disorganization, which may go unrecognized or be attributed to other factors such as anxiety or depression.

Question 7

Which of the following is a typical change in attention seen during childhood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a typical...

Question 8

One of the biggest controversies concerning the use of drugs like Ritalin to treat individuals with ADHD is that

Accepted Answer

There is limited evidence that taking Ritalin as a child leads to long-term improvements in functioning as an adult. This has been a major point of controversy in the use of the drug to treat ADHD.

Question 9

Attention skills of adolescents are advanced relative to those of children. This advantage appears to be due, in part, to _____ commonly found in adolescents.

Accepted Answer

Myelination of brain cells is a process in which the fatty covering around neurons increases, allowing for faster and more efficient communication between brain cells. This process occurs heavily during adolescence, resulting in improved attention skills. Visual acuity (A) may also improve during adolescence, but it is not the primary reason for improved attention. Increased distractibility (B) is not an advantage and would not improve attention. Androgens released by the ovaries/testes (D) may impact behavior but are not directly related to attention skills.

Question 10

Concerning the genetic nature of ADHD,

Accepted Answer

While there is evidence that genetics play a role in the development of ADHD, there is no one gene that directly causes ADHD. Instead, it is believed that multiple genes with small effects interact with environmental factors to contribute to the development of the disorder.

Question 11

Wadsworth is extremely easily distracted, seems to forget whatever he starts to do, and just cannot seem to follow directions. This would suggest that Wadsworth has significant problems with

Accepted Answer

Wadsworth's tendency to be easily distracted, forgetful, and inability to follow directions all point towards a lack of attentiveness. Symptoms commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. However, based on the given information, hyperactivity and impulsivity are not mentioned, making A) attentiveness the best choice.

Question 12

Concerning the outcome of having ADHD as a child,

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children with both ADHD and conduct disorders are at an increased risk for drug abuse and emotional problems in adulthood.

Answer: C 
 While some symptoms of ADHD, such as hyperactivity, may decrease over time, many individuals do not fully outgrow the disorder and continue to struggle with symptoms in adulthood.

Therefore, the best choices are A and C.

Question 13

Low levels of the neurotransmitters _____ have been linked to ADHD.

Accepted Answer

Low levels of dopamine and norepinephrine have been linked to ADHD. These neurotransmitters are involved in the regulation of attention, focus, and motivation.

Question 14

Which statement concerning Ritalin, which is commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Ritalin does not affect function in the occipital lobe. It primarily affects the function of the frontal cortex, which is responsible for attention, focus, and impulse control.

Question 15

If asked to list the three key symptoms of ADHD, you should avoid saying

Accepted Answer

Dysphasia is not a key symptom of ADHD. It is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate or understand language. The three key symptoms of ADHD are inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

Question 16

Ozzie is planning on attending a very loud rock concert. As such, he should be prepared to experience _____ unless he takes precautions to protect his hearing.

Accepted Answer

Tinnitus is a ringing or buzzing in the ears, and is a common symptom of noise-induced hearing loss. Attending a loud rock concert without ear protection can cause permanent damage to the ears, leading to tinnitus and other hearing problems.

Question 17

If you were experiencing tinnitus, you would

Accepted Answer

Tinnitus is the perception of ringing, buzzing, or humming in the ears without an external sound source. Therefore, the correct answer is A) hear ringing in your ears.

Question 18

Which symptom of ADHD is most likely to reveal itself in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Hyperactivity-impulsivity is more likely to be observed in infancy as it can manifest as excessive movement or difficulty staying still, which are more noticeable in young children.

Question 19

Whose experience has been identified by scientists as directly contributing to some cases of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Scientists have found a correlation between a lack of oxygen during birth and ADHD in some cases. This is because the brain may not develop properly if it is deprived of oxygen, which can lead to difficulties with attention and hyperactivity. Consuming sugar, red food coloring, or playing video games may exacerbate symptoms of ADHD, but they are not direct contributors to the disorder.

Question 20

Mika's mom describes her as "the girl with the motor that never quits" because she seems to be perpetually running in circles or gabbing. This suggests that Mika is

Accepted Answer

The description of Mika as "the girl with the motor that never quits" suggests that she is hyperactive, as she seems to be constantly moving and talking without stopping. The other options do not fit with the given description as well. Inattentive suggests a lack of focus, impulsive suggests making quick decisions without thinking, and dysphonic refers to a speech disorder unrelated to the given description.

Quiz 6: Sensation, Perception, and Attention