Question 1

RESEARCH STUDY 6.1
Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law class and Introduction to Neuroscience class. His survey has the following questions.
 
-Refer to Research Study 6.1 above to answer the following question. Which of the questions above is an example of an open-ended question?

Accepted Answer

Open-ended questions allow for detailed, unrestricted responses. Question A likely fits this description.

Question 2

Which of the following is the most direct way to control for question order effects?

Accepted Answer

By preparing different versions of the survey with varied question orders, researchers can directly assess and control for any effects that the order of questions might have on responses.

Question 3

Dr.Gore is conducting a survey examining people's opinions toward funding for collegiate athletics on his campus.He notices that several participants agree with all 12 questions.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Acquiescence and yea-saying are both response sets that involve agreeing with all or most of the questions on a survey.

Question 4

Dr.Fletcher is concerned about a fence-sitting response set when he conducts his survey.Which of the following might you recommend to decrease fence sitting?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Fletcher is concerned about a fence-sitting response...

Question 5

RESEARCH STUDY 6.1
Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law class and Introduction to Neuroscience class. His survey has the following questions.
 
-Refer to Research Study 6.1 above to answer the following question. In the above scenario,what is Dr.Kramer's population?

Accepted Answer

The scenario does not provide information on the specific population from which the sample of students is drawn. Therefore, we cannot determine Dr. Kramer's population from the given information.

Question 6

Why are double-barreled questions problematic?

Accepted Answer

Double-barreled questions are problematic because they ask about two different issues within a single question, which can lead to poor construct validity as it becomes unclear which issue the respondent is addressing.

Question 7

RESEARCH STUDY 6.1
Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law class and Introduction to Neuroscience class. His survey has the following questions.
 
-Refer to Research Study 6.1 above to answer the following question. In the above scenario,Dr.Kramer needs to avoid which of the following if he hopes to avoid having a biased sample?

Accepted Answer

The answer of RESEARCH STUDY 6.1
Professor Kramer has decided to...

Question 8

Forced-choice question formats are especially good at dealing with which of the following issues?

Accepted Answer

Forced-choice question formats provide respondents with only two options to choose from, which reduces the tendency to sit on the fence and avoids ambiguous responses. This can help to eliminate the issue of fence-sitting. While forced-choice questions can also reduce the tendency to fake good, they may not be effective in addressing other issues such as faking bad, people self-reporting more than they can know, or other sources of response bias. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as forced-choice formats are most effective at dealing with fence sitting.

Question 9

Dr.Gahan decides to create a questionnaire asking about people's attitudes toward immigration (a socially sensitive topic).He should be most concerned about which of the following?

Accepted Answer

When dealing with socially sensitive topics like immigration, respondents may engage in "faking good" to present themselves in a more favorable light, and "fence sitting" to avoid taking a strong stance on controversial issues.

Question 10

In developing a measure of need for cognition (a trait that describes the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving),Dr.Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I frequently solve and enjoy solving crossword puzzles and Sudoku puzzles." What is the problem with this question?

Accepted Answer

The question is a double-barreled question as it contains two parts- solving crossword puzzles and Sudoku puzzles. It is unclear whether the participant enjoys solving both types of puzzles or only one of them. This may lead to an inaccurate measure of the participant's need for cognition.

Question 11

How do reverse-worded items address shortcuts?

Accepted Answer

Reverse-worded items slow down readers and make them answer more carefully, which addresses the shortcut of rushing through questions. They also distinguish between yea-sayers and true believers, which addresses the shortcut of answering consistently without paying attention to the content. Therefore, options A and B are correct, making option D the best choice. Option C is incorrect since reverse-worded items are generally more difficult to read and require more attention from the reader.

Question 12

RESEARCH STUDY 6.1
Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law class and Introduction to Neuroscience class. His survey has the following questions.
 
-Refer to Research Study 6.1 above to answer the following question. Which of the questions above is an example of a question that uses a semantic differential scale?

Accepted Answer

The answer of RESEARCH STUDY 6.1
Professor Kramer has decided to...

Question 13

All of the following are true of observational data EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

While observational data can be used to support causal claims, they cannot establish causality on their own. Therefore, statement B is the only incorrect option, as the other statements are true of observational data.

Question 14

All of the following can decrease accurate responses EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Reverse-worded questions are designed to reduce response biases and improve the accuracy of responses by ensuring that respondents are paying attention and understanding the questions.

Question 15

RESEARCH STUDY 6.1
Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law class and Introduction to Neuroscience class. His survey has the following questions.
 
-Refer to Research Study 6.1 above to answer the following question. Which of the questions above is an example of a question that uses a Likert scale?

Accepted Answer

Question B is an example of a question that uses a Likert scale. It asks the students to rate their agreement with a statement on a scale of 1-5.

Question 16

RESEARCH STUDY 6.1
Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law class and Introduction to Neuroscience class. His survey has the following questions.
 
-Refer to Research Study 6.1 above to answer the following question. Which of the questions above is an example of a forced-choice question?

Accepted Answer

Forced-choice questions require respondents to choose between given options without the possibility of a neutral or undecided option, which is characteristic of Question C.

Question 17

A study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968)involved telling teachers that some of their students were "bloomers" and would achieve rapid academic success within the next year.In fact,these students were no different than any of the other students in the class.At the end of the year,the "bloomers" showed more gains in IQ than the other students.It appeared that the teacher had inadvertently treated the "bloomers" in special ways.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of observer effects, where the expectations and behaviors of the teacher influenced the performance of the students labeled as "bloomers". Observer bias (A) refers to the researcher's preconceived notions affecting the interpretation of results. Masked study design (C) refers to blinding participants to the study's objectives, which is not relevant here. Self-report operationalization (D) refers to the measurement of variables based on participants' own reports, which is not relevant here. Therefore, the correct answer choice is B.

Question 18

In his measure of need for cognition,Dr.Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I have never not enjoyed thinking." What is the problem with this question?

Accepted Answer

The statement has a double negative, which can create confusion about the intended meaning. It is unclear whether participants are agreeing that they always enjoy thinking or disagreeing that they never enjoy thinking. This ambiguity might lead to inaccurate responses, making it an unreliable question for measuring need for cognition.

Question 19

RESEARCH STUDY 6.1
Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law class and Introduction to Neuroscience class. His survey has the following questions.
 
-Refer to Research Study 6.1 above to answer the following question. In the above scenario,Dr.Kramer plans to give his survey only to his Psychology and Law students because he sees them on Mondays,Wednesdays,and Fridays and he can spare the class time (unlike his Tuesday/Thursday Introduction to Neuroscience class).Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

By only surveying his Psychology and Law students, Dr. Kramer is selecting a non-random sample based on convenience. The students who take those classes may not be representative of the entire population of students who are taking classes with Dr. Kramer, since they may have different motivations for taking those particular classes. This could lead to a biased sample.

Question 20

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that confidence in memory does not necessarily correlate with accuracy, people often misjudge the reasons for their behavior, vivid memories are not always more accurate, and inaccuracies in reporting reasons for behavior are not always due to deception.

Quiz 6: Describing What People Do: Surveys,Observations,and Sampling