Question 1

Compare and contrast the works of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in terms of both applied and basic science.

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Question 2

Metabolism is a unifying characteristic of all cellular organisms.

Accepted Answer

Metabolism, the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life, is a fundamental characteristic of all cellular organisms. It involves the conversion of nutrients into energy and the synthesis and breakdown of molecules necessary for cellular processes.

Question 3

List three contributions of Ferdinand Cohn to the development of microbiology.

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Question 4

Today,the enrichment culture technique developed over a century ago by Martinus Beijerinck remains a feasible approach to discovering bacteria capable of degrading pollutants.

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The passage states that the enrichment culture technique is still a feasible approach to discovering bacteria capable of degrading pollutants.

Question 5

Both environmental conditions and nutrient resources strongly influence the composition of a microbial community.

Accepted Answer

Environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, and oxygen availability, can determine the types of microorganisms that can survive and thrive in a certain habitat. Nutrient resources, such as the availability of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, can also shape the composition of a microbial community by favoring the growth of certain organisms over others. Together, environmental conditions and nutrient resources create selective pressures that shape the diversity and abundance of microorganisms in a given ecosystem.

Question 6

Treponema pallidum,a bacterium associated with syphilis,is not considered a pathogen because to date it remains unculturable in the lab,and,therefore,Koch's postulates are unable to be fulfilled.

Accepted Answer

Treponema pallidum is considered a pathogen despite being unculturable in the laboratory. Koch's postulates have been met through various methods such as animal models and molecular techniques.

Question 7

The environment in which a microbial population lives is its habitat.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. Habitat refers to the specific environment in which a particular microbial population lives and interacts with other organisms and abiotic factors in that environment.

Question 8

Microbes were first formally observed during the mid-1600s,but the cell theory was not enunciated until 1839.Write a brief essay explaining why microbiology did not become a formally recognized science until Louis Pasteur's and Robert Koch's time.

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Question 9

The text states that antibiotics are derived from microorganisms.What is the benefit to an antibiotic-producing microorganism of producing an antibiotic in its natural habitat?

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Question 10

The discipline of microbiology is intimately associated with biochemistry and genetics,because cells are both biochemical catalysts and genetic coding devices.

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Microbiology involves the study of microorganisms, which are comprised of cells that possess biochemical catalysts and genetic coding devices, making it closely linked to biochemistry and genetics.

Question 11

Explain the nature and function of an enrichment culture.

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Question 12

Describe beneficial and harmful ways in which microorganisms interact with agricultural crops.

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Question 13

Not only do some microorganisms tolerate extremely hot temperatures,some actually require high temperatures for optimal growth.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Some microorganisms are known as thermophiles, which means they require high temperatures for optimal growth. Examples of thermophiles include bacteria found in hot springs and archaea found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents.

Question 14

Explain why microbial cells are excellent models for understanding cell function in higher organisms.

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Question 15

Compare and contrast the leading causes of death in 1900 with the leading causes of death today.What roles have microbiologists played in the dramatic changes that are evident?

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Question 16

Differentiation occurs only in multicellular organisms.

Accepted Answer

Differentiation can also occur in unicellular organisms, where certain cells differentiate to perform specific functions, such as in the case of bacterial cells.

Question 17

According to our present understanding,each of the three major domains has what is known as its own universal ancestor.

Accepted Answer

According to our present understanding, all three major domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya) share a common ancestor, known as the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA), rather than each having its own separate universal ancestor.

Question 18

Explain how you would use Robert Koch's postulates to determine that Streptococcus pyogenes is the causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis ("strep throat").

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Question 19

Why is it incorrect to say that an object is partially sterile?

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Question 20

Sergei Winogradsky worked with bacteria involved in cycling nitrogen and sulfur.

Accepted Answer

Sergei Winogradsky is known for his work on bacteria involved in cycling nitrogen and sulfur, as well as for his discovery of autotrophic bacteria.

Quiz 1: Microorganisms and Microbiology