Question 1

Agents causing stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system are

Accepted Answer

The following terms are based on the anatomy of the nerve fibers,to describe stimulation or inhibition: parasympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system sites;sympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system;cholinergic (cholinomimetic),a drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine;anticholinergic,a drug blocking a receptor for acetylcholine;adrenergic (adrenomimetic),a drug stimulating a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;antiadrenergic,a drug blocking a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;cholinoceptor,an alternative term for cholinergic receptor;adrenoceptor,an alternative term for adrenergic receptor;sympatholytic,an agent blocking or inhibiting the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 2

Nicotine is capable of stimulating

Accepted Answer

Nicotine,a substance in tobacco products,stimulates acetylcholine (cholinergic)receptors at autonomic ganglia (both parasympathetic and sympathetic)and at skeletal muscle sites.The practical effects of such stimulation include increased blood pressure and skeletal muscle tremors.

Question 3

Agents blocking or inhibiting the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system are

Accepted Answer

The following terms are based on the anatomy of the nerve fibers,to describe stimulation or inhibition: parasympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system sites;sympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system;cholinergic (cholinomimetic),a drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine;anticholinergic,a drug blocking a receptor for acetylcholine;adrenergic (adrenomimetic),a drug stimulating a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;antiadrenergic,a drug blocking a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;cholinoceptor,an alternative term for cholinergic receptor;adrenoceptor,an alternative term for adrenergic receptor;sympatholytic,an agent blocking or inhibiting the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 4

Agents causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system are

Accepted Answer

The following terms are based on the anatomy of the nerve fibers,to describe stimulation or inhibition: parasympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system sites;sympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system;cholinergic (cholinomimetic),a drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine;anticholinergic,a drug blocking a receptor for acetylcholine;adrenergic (adrenomimetic),a drug stimulating a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;antiadrenergic,a drug blocking a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;cholinoceptor,an alternative term for cholinergic receptor;adrenoceptor,an alternative term for adrenergic receptor;sympatholytic,an agent blocking or inhibiting the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 5

The neurotransmitter norepinephrine is terminated by the enzymes __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is terminated by the enzyme cholinesterase,and norepinephrine and sympathetic transmission are terminated by neurotransmitter reuptake into the presynaptic neuron (uptake-1)and by the enzymes catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)and monoamine oxidase (MAO).

Question 6

M3 receptors are present on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

An indirect-acting cholinergic agent used in the Tensilon test is

Accepted Answer

Edrophonium is used in the Tensilon test to determine whether muscle weakness is caused by overdosing with an indirect-acting cholinergic agent or undertreatment with insufficient drug.The methacholine challenge is a lung function test used to help diagnose reactive airways.Neostigmine is used to increase muscle strength in myasthenia gravis.Phospholine is an organophosphate used in insecticides (a cholinesterase reactivator)that may have lethal effects via initial stimulation and then blockade of cholinergic receptors.

Question 8

Which portion of the nervous system is manipulated by neuromuscular blocking agents,to induce paralysis in surgical procedures or during mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

The sensory branch of the nervous system consists of afferent neurons from heat,light,pressure,and pain receptors in the periphery to the CNS.The somatic portion (or motor branch)of the nervous system is under voluntary,conscious control and innervates skeletal muscle for motor actions such as lifting,walking,or breathing.This portion of the nervous system is manipulated by neuromuscular blocking agents,to induce paralysis in surgical procedures or during mechanical ventilation.The autonomic nervous system is the involuntary,unconscious control mechanism of the body,sometimes said to control vegetative or visceral functions.

Question 9

M2 receptors are present on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

M₁ receptors are present on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Drugs that stimulate a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine are

Accepted Answer

The following terms are based on the anatomy of the nerve fibers,to describe stimulation or inhibition: parasympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system sites;sympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system;cholinergic (cholinomimetic),a drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine;anticholinergic,a drug blocking a receptor for acetylcholine;adrenergic (adrenomimetic),a drug stimulating a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;antiadrenergic,a drug blocking a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;cholinoceptor,an alternative term for cholinergic receptor;adrenoceptor,an alternative term for adrenergic receptor;sympatholytic,an agent blocking or inhibiting the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 12

A drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine is

Accepted Answer

The following terms are based on the anatomy of the nerve fibers,to describe stimulation or inhibition: parasympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system sites;sympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system;cholinergic (cholinomimetic),a drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine;anticholinergic,a drug blocking a receptor for acetylcholine;adrenergic (adrenomimetic),a drug stimulating a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;antiadrenergic,a drug blocking a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;cholinoceptor,an alternative term for cholinergic receptor;adrenoceptor,an alternative term for adrenergic receptor;sympatholytic,an agent blocking or inhibiting the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 13

You are treating a patient for motion sickness with the drug dimenhydrinate (Dramamine).What possible side effect may the patient experience when taking this drug?

Accepted Answer

The anticholinergic (antimuscarinic)effect on the vestibular system can inhibit motion sickness.Scopolamine was used for this,and antihistamine drugs such as dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)that have anticholinergic effects are commonly used to prevent motion sickness.The dry mouth and drowsiness that also occur with a drug such as dimenhydrinate are typical antimuscarinic effects.

Question 14

Branches of the nervous system,which can cause relaxation of airway smooth muscle,include which of the following?
1)Sympathetic nerves
2)Parasympathetic nerves
3)Nonadrenergic,noncholinergic (NANC)inhibitory nerves

Accepted Answer

There is evidence of a branch of nerves that are neither parasympathetic (cholinergic)nor sympathetic (adrenergic),which can cause relaxation of airway smooth muscle.These nerves have been termed nonadrenergic,noncholinergic (NANC)inhibitory nerves.They are also referred to as simply nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves because adrenergic activity relaxes airway smooth muscle,and this is an additional but nonadrenergic neural method of relaxing such smooth muscle.

Question 15

Means by which nerve impulses are conducted include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Nerve impulses are conducted by both electrical and chemical means;the chemical portion of nerve transmission is referred to as a neurotransmitter.

Question 16

The two major control systems in the body are

Accepted Answer

There are two major control systems in the body: the nervous system and the endocrine system.Both systems of control can be manipulated by drug therapy,which either mimics or blocks the usual action of the control system,to produce or inhibit physiologic effects.

Question 17

Agents blocking or inhibiting the effect of the sympathetic nervous system are

Accepted Answer

The following terms are based on the anatomy of the nerve fibers,to describe stimulation or inhibition: parasympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system sites;sympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system;cholinergic (cholinomimetic),a drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine;anticholinergic,a drug blocking a receptor for acetylcholine;adrenergic (adrenomimetic),a drug stimulating a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;antiadrenergic,a drug blocking a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;cholinoceptor,an alternative term for cholinergic receptor;adrenoceptor,an alternative term for adrenergic receptor;sympatholytic,an agent blocking or inhibiting the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 18

Drugs that block a receptor for acetylcholine are

Accepted Answer

The following terms are based on the anatomy of the nerve fibers,to describe stimulation or inhibition: parasympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system sites;sympathomimetic,an agent causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system;cholinergic (cholinomimetic),a drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine;anticholinergic,a drug blocking a receptor for acetylcholine;adrenergic (adrenomimetic),a drug stimulating a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;antiadrenergic,a drug blocking a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine;cholinoceptor,an alternative term for cholinergic receptor;adrenoceptor,an alternative term for adrenergic receptor;sympatholytic,an agent blocking or inhibiting the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 19

Muscarinic receptors are found in which of the following?
1)Exocrine glands
2)Cardiac muscle
3)Smooth muscle
4)The gastrointestinal tract

Accepted Answer

Muscarinic receptors are found in exocrine glands,cardiac muscle,and smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract.

Quiz 5: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

Agents causing stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system are

Nicotine is capable of stimulating

Agents blocking or inhibiting the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system are

Agents causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system are

The neurotransmitter norepinephrine is terminated by the enzymes and .

M3 receptors are present on which of the following?

An indirect-acting cholinergic agent used in the Tensilon test is

Which portion of the nervous system is manipulated by neuromuscular blocking agents,to induce paralysis in surgical procedures or during mechanical ventilation?

M2 receptors are present on which of the following?

M₁ receptors are present on which of the following?

Drugs that stimulate a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine are

A drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine is

You are treating a patient for motion sickness with the drug dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) .What possible side effect may the patient experience when taking this drug?

Branches of the nervous system,which can cause relaxation of airway smooth muscle,include which of the following? 1) Sympathetic nerves 2) Parasympathetic nerves 3) Nonadrenergic,noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory nerves

Means by which nerve impulses are conducted include which of the following?

The two major control systems in the body are

Agents blocking or inhibiting the effect of the sympathetic nervous system are

Drugs that block a receptor for acetylcholine are

Muscarinic receptors are found in which of the following? 1) Exocrine glands 2) Cardiac muscle 3) Smooth muscle 4) The gastrointestinal tract

Quiz 5: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

Agents causing stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system are

Nicotine is capable of stimulating

Agents blocking or inhibiting the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system are

Agents causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system are

The neurotransmitter norepinephrine is terminated by the enzymes __________ and __________.

M3 receptors are present on which of the following?

An indirect-acting cholinergic agent used in the Tensilon test is

Which portion of the nervous system is manipulated by neuromuscular blocking agents,to induce paralysis in surgical procedures or during mechanical ventilation?

M2 receptors are present on which of the following?

M1 receptors are present on which of the following?

Drugs that stimulate a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine are

A drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine is

You are treating a patient for motion sickness with the drug dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) .What possible side effect may the patient experience when taking this drug?

Branches of the nervous system,which can cause relaxation of airway smooth muscle,include which of the following? 1) Sympathetic nerves 2) Parasympathetic nerves 3) Nonadrenergic,noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory nerves

Means by which nerve impulses are conducted include which of the following?

The two major control systems in the body are

Agents blocking or inhibiting the effect of the sympathetic nervous system are

Drugs that block a receptor for acetylcholine are

Muscarinic receptors are found in which of the following? 1) Exocrine glands 2) Cardiac muscle 3) Smooth muscle 4) The gastrointestinal tract

The neurotransmitter norepinephrine is terminated by the enzymes and .

M₁ receptors are present on which of the following?