Question 1

A plant stem modified for storage of food such as starch is called a

Accepted Answer

A tuber is a modified plant stem that is used for storing food, such as starch. Examples of tubers include potatoes and yams. Bulbs are modified underground stems with fleshy leaves attached, used for storage by certain plants such as onions and garlic. Taproots are large, fleshy roots that grow straight down into the ground, such as in carrots and beets. Runners, also known as stolons, are above-ground horizontal stems that enable a plant to spread out and form new roots, such as in strawberries.

Question 2

Which of the following structures is found in both plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria, which are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells and are involved in photosynthesis, while a large central vacuole containing fluid and a cell wall surrounding the plasma membrane are unique features of plant cells.

Question 3

Which of the following plant cells or tissues help regulate the movement of carbon dioxide into and out of a leaf?

Accepted Answer

Guard cells surround the stomata, which control the exchange of gases (including CO2) between the leaf and the environment. The guard cells can open and close the stomata to regulate the inflow and outflow of CO2. Root hairs, sieve tubes, and xylem are not directly involved in regulating gas exchange in leaves.

Question 4

Monocot floral parts usually occur in multiples of

Accepted Answer

Monocot floral parts usually occur in multiples of three. This is a characteristic feature of monocotyledonous plants. Examples include lilies, orchids, and grasses.

Question 5

Which type of vascular tissue cell in a plant is dead at maturity?

Accepted Answer

Vessel elements are dead at maturity because their cell walls break down to form conduits for water and nutrients. The other three choices (companion cells, sieve-tube cells, and parenchyma cells) are all living cells at maturity.

Question 6

The tallest plant on Earth is

Accepted Answer

The 379-foot redwood tree in California is currently considered the tallest plant on Earth. While kelp can reach great lengths, it is not considered a "plant" in the traditional sense as it lacks roots, stems, and leaves. The white oak tree in Illinois is no longer standing, and the giant seed fern in Peru is not as tall as the redwood tree.

Question 7

Photosynthesis occurs in which type of plant tissue?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis mainly occurs in the chloroplasts of the parenchyma cells located in the mesophyll tissue of the leaves. Vascular cambium and collenchyma cells do not have chloroplasts and are not involved in photosynthesis. The epidermal tissue may have some chloroplasts but is not the main site of photosynthesis in the plant.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

Each vein in a leaf is composed of both xylem and phloem. Xylem is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant, while phloem is responsible for transporting sugars and other organic molecules throughout the plant. Therefore, every vein in a leaf contains both xylem and phloem.

Question 9

Sieve-tube elements are plant cells that are part of a plant tissue called

Accepted Answer

Sieve-tube elements are part of the phloem tissue in plants, which is primarily responsible for the transport of organic nutrients throughout the plant. Xylem tissue, on the other hand, is responsible for the transport of water and minerals. Tracheids and sclereids are types of cells found in the xylem tissue.

Question 10

Removing the terminal bud of a plant that shows apical dominance will cause

Accepted Answer

Removing the terminal bud of a plant that shows apical dominance will cause the auxins which were previously produced in the terminal bud to redistribute to the lower nodes where the axillary buds are present. This redistribution of auxins will cause an increase in growth of the axillary buds, resulting in more lateral shoots. Thus, option C is the correct answer.

Question 11

Which of the following substances, by providing strength, allows sclerenchyma cells to provide support and play a role analogous to that of an animal's skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Lignin is a complex polymer that provides strength and rigidity to sclerenchyma cells, allowing them to provide support and play a role similar to that of an animal's skeleton. Sucrose and starch are carbohydrates that are used for energy storage, while chlorophyll is a pigment used for photosynthesis. None of these substances have the strength-giving properties required for structural support.

Question 12

In general, plant dermal tissues are found

Accepted Answer

Plant dermal tissues are found at the outer surface of a plant and are responsible for providing protection from external damage, regulating gas exchange, and controlling water loss through its various structures like epidermis, cuticle, stomata, etc.

Question 13

The cells that store starch in dicot roots are located between the

Accepted Answer

Starch is stored in parenchyma cells of the cortex, which is located between the epidermis and the vascular cylinder in dicot roots.

Question 14

Most angiosperms are dicots, and most dicots are

Accepted Answer

Most angiosperms (flowering plants) are dicots, and within dicots, the majority belong to the subclass Eudicots, which includes the majority of familiar flowering plants such as fruit trees, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Cycads and gymnosperms are not dicots, and mosses are not angiosperms.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

White potatoes are actually modified stems known as tubers, not roots.

Question 16

The chief function of root hairs is to

Accepted Answer

Root hairs increase the surface area of the root system, which increases the absorption of water and minerals from the soil. This increased surface area is due to the long and thin projection of the root epidermal cells, called root hairs.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

Root hairs are specialized structures that help to absorb water and minerals from the soil, but they do not absorb carbon dioxide. This gas is taken up by the leaves through small pores called stomata.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of eudicots?

Accepted Answer

Eudicots are characterized by having a taproot system.

Question 19

What is the node of a plant stem?

Accepted Answer

The node of a plant stem is the point of leaf attachment, where leaves, buds, and other stems arise from the main stem.

Question 20

What event that occurred around 10,000 years ago led to genetic changes in many of the plants we are most familiar with?

Accepted Answer

The beginning of agriculture, around 10,000 years ago, involved the intentional cultivation of plants for food, which led to genetic changes in many of the plants we are most familiar with. Humans selected and bred plants with desirable traits, such as larger fruits or grains, leading to changes in the genetic makeup of those plants over time.

Quiz 31: Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

A plant stem modified for storage of food such as starch is called a

Which of the following structures is found in both plant and animal cells?

Which of the following plant cells or tissues help regulate the movement of carbon dioxide into and out of a leaf?

Monocot floral parts usually occur in multiples of

Which type of vascular tissue cell in a plant is dead at maturity?

The tallest plant on Earth is

Photosynthesis occurs in which type of plant tissue?

Which of the following statements is false?

Sieve-tube elements are plant cells that are part of a plant tissue called

Removing the terminal bud of a plant that shows apical dominance will cause

Which of the following substances, by providing strength, allows sclerenchyma cells to provide support and play a role analogous to that of an animal's skeleton?

In general, plant dermal tissues are found

The cells that store starch in dicot roots are located between the

Most angiosperms are dicots, and most dicots are

Which of the following statements is false?

The chief function of root hairs is to

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following is a characteristic of eudicots?

What is the node of a plant stem?

What event that occurred around 10,000 years ago led to genetic changes in many of the plants we are most familiar with?