Question 1

A woman who is 8 months pregnant asks the nurse,"Does my baby have any antibodies to fight infection?" The most appropriate response by the nurse is:
A)"Your baby has all the immunoglobulins necessary: IgG,IgM,and IgA."
B)"Your baby won't receive any antibodies until he is born and you breastfeed him."
C)"Your baby does not have any antibodies to fight infection."
D)"Your baby has IgG and IgM immunoglobulins."

Accepted Answer

During the third trimester the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta,IgG,provides passive acquired immunity to specific bacterial toxins.The fetus produces IgM by the end of the first trimester.During the third trimester the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta,IgG,provides passive acquired immunity to specific bacterial toxins.The fetus produces IgM by the end of the first trimester.IgA immunoglobulins are not produced by the baby.By the third trimester the fetus has IgG and IgM.Breastfeeding supplies the baby with IgA immunoglobulins.By the third trimester,the fetus has IgG and IgM immunoglobulins to fight infection.

Question 2

The various systems and organs develop at different stages.Which statement is accurate?
A)The cardiovascular system is the first organ system to function in the developing human.
B)Hematopoiesis originating in the yolk sac begins in the liver at 10 weeks.
C)The body changes from straight to C-shaped at 8 weeks.
D)The gastrointestinal system is mature at 32 weeks.

Accepted Answer

The heart is developmentally complete by the end of the embryonic stage.Hematopoiesis begins in the liver during the sixth week.The body becomes C-shaped at 21 weeks.The gastrointestinal system is complete at 36 weeks.

Question 3

It is important for the nurse to understand that the placenta:
A)Produces nutrients for fetal nutrition
B)Secretes both estrogen and progesterone
C)Forms a protective,impenetrable barrier to microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses
D)Excretes prolactin and insulin

Accepted Answer

As one of its early functions,the placenta acts as an endocrine gland,producing four hormones necessary to maintain the pregnancy and support the embryo and fetus: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG),human placental lactogen (hPL),estrogen,and progesterone.The placenta does not produce nutrients.It functions as a means of metabolic exchange between the maternal and fetal blood supplies.Many bacteria and viruses can cross the placental membrane.One of the early functions of the placenta is as an endocrine gland that produces four hormones (hCG,hPL,estrogen,and progesterone)necessary to maintain the pregnancy and support the embryo and fetus.

Question 4

With regard to the development of the respiratory system,maternity nurses should be aware that:
A)The respiratory system does not begin developing until after the embryonic stage
B)The infant's lungs are considered mature when the L/S ratio is 1:1,at about 32 weeks
C)Maternal hypertension can reduce maternal-placental blood flow,accelerating lung maturity
D)Fetal respiratory movements are not visible on ultrasound scans until at least 16 weeks

Accepted Answer

A reduction in placental blood flow stresses the fetus,increases blood levels of corticosteroids,and thus accelerates lung maturity.Development of the respiratory system begins during the embryonic phase and continues into childhood.The infant's lungs are mature when the L/S ratio is 2:1,at about 35 weeks.Lung movements have been seen on ultrasound scans at 11 weeks.

Question 5

At approximately _____ weeks of gestation,lecithin is forming on the alveolar surfaces,the eyelids open,and the fetus measures approximately 27 cm crown to rump and weighs approximately 1110
A)20
B)24
C)28
D)30

Accepted Answer

These milestones occur at 28 weeks.These milestones are not completed by 20 weeks of gestation.These milestones in human development are not completed at 24 weeks of gestation.These specific milestones are reached as early as 28,not 30,weeks of gestation.

Question 6

The most basic information a maternity nurse should have concerning conception is:
A)Ova are considered fertile 48 to 72 hours after ovulation
B)Sperm remain viable in the woman's reproductive system for an average of 12 to 24 hours
C)Conception is achieved when a sperm successfully penetrates the membrane surrounding the ovum
D)Implantation in the endometrium occurs 6 to 10 days after conception

Accepted Answer

After implantation,the endometrium is called the decidua.Ova are considered fertile for about 24 hours after ovulation.Sperm remain viable in the woman's reproductive system for an average of 2 to 3 days.Penetration of the ovum by the sperm is called fertilization.Conception occurs when the zygote,the first cell of the new individual,is formed.

Question 7

Which statement concerning neurologic and sensory development is accurate?
A)Brain waves have been recorded on an electroencephalogram as early as the end of the first trimester (12 weeks).
B)Fetuses respond to sound by 24 weeks and can be soothed by the sound of the mother's voice.
C)Eyes are first receptive to light at 34 to 36 weeks.
D)At term,the fetal brain is at least one third the size of an adult brain.

Accepted Answer

Hearing develops early and is fully developed at birth.Brain waves have been recorded at week 8.Eyes are receptive to light at 28 weeks.The fetal brain is about one fourth the size of an adult brain.

Question 8

Very fine hairs,called ____________________,appear first at 12 weeks of gestational age on the fetus's eyebrows and upper lip.By 20 weeks they cover the entire body.By 28 weeks,the scalp hair is longer than these fine hairs,which thin and may disappear by term gestation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Very fine hairs,called ____________________,appear first at 12...

Question 9

A pregnant woman at 25 weeks of gestation tells the nurse that she dropped a pan last week and her baby jumped at the noise.Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A)"That must have been a coincidence;babies can't respond like that."
B)"The fetus is demonstrating the aural reflex."
C)"Babies respond to sound starting at about 24 weeks of gestation."
D)"Let me know if it happens again;we need to report that to your midwife."

Accepted Answer

Babies respond to sound starting at about 24 weeks of gestation.Fetuses can respond to sound by 24 week or so.Acoustic stimulations can evoke a fetal heart rate response.There is no such thing as an aural reflex.Stating that a report needs to be made if the fetus moves again at a noise gives the impression that something is wrong.

Question 10

Congenital disorders refer to those conditions that are present at birth.These disorders may be inherited and caused by environmental factors or maternal malnutrition.Toxic exposures have the greatest effect on development between 15 and 60 days of gestation.For the nurse to be able to conduct a complete assessment of the newly pregnant client,he or she should be knowledgeable regarding known human teratogens,which include:
A)Infections
B)Radiation
C)Maternal conditions
D)Drugs
E)Chemicals

Accepted Answer

Exposure to radiation and a number of infections may result in profound congenital deformities.These include but are not limited to varicella,rubella,syphilis,parvovirus,cytomegalovirus (CMV),and toxoplasmosis.Certain maternal conditions such as diabetes and phenylketonuria (PKU)may also affect organs and other parts of the embryo during this developmental period.Drugs such as antiseizure medication and some antibiotics as well as chemicals including lead,mercury,tobacco,and alcohol also may result in structural and functional abnormalities.

Question 11

The _____ is/are responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport to and from the maternal bloodstream.
A)Decidua basalis
B)Blastocyst
C)Germ layer
D)Chorionic villi

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villi are finger-like projections that develop out of the trophoblast and extend into the blood-filled spaces of the endometrium.The villi obtain oxygen and nutrients from the maternal bloodstream and dispose of carbon dioxide and waste products into the maternal blood.The decidua basalis is the portion of the decidua (endometrium)under the blastocyst where the villi attach.The blastocyst is the embryonic development stage after the morula.Implantation occurs at this stage.The germ layer is a layer of the blastocyst.

Question 12

The measurement of lecithin in relation to sphingomyelin (L/S ratio)is used to determine fetal lung maturity.Which ratio reflects maturity of the lungs?
A)1.4:1
B)1.8:1
C)2:1
D)1:1

Accepted Answer

This ratio indicates a 2:1 ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin,an indicator of lung maturity.1.4:1 ratio indicates immaturity of the fetal lungs.1.8:1 ratio indicates immaturity of the fetal lungs.1:1 ratio indicates immaturity of the fetal lungs.

Question 13

____________________ twins is another term for fraternal twins.These twins may be the same or different sexes and genetically are no more alike than siblings born at different times.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ twins is another term for fraternal...

Question 14

A nurse caring for a laboring woman should know that meconium is produced by:
A)Fetal intestines
B)Fetal kidneys
C)Amniotic fluid
D)The placenta

Accepted Answer

As the fetus nears term,fetal waste products accumulate in the intestines as dark green to black,tarry meconium.Meconium is not produced by the fetal kidneys.Meconium should not be present in amniotic fluid.This may be an indication of fetal compromise.The placenta does not produce meconium.

Question 15

A woman asks the nurse,"What protects my baby's umbilical cord from being squashed while the baby's inside of me?" The nurse's best response is:
A)"Your baby's umbilical cord is surrounded by connective tissue called Wharton jelly,which prevents compression of the blood vessels and ensures continued nourishment of your baby."
B)"Your baby's umbilical floats around in blood anyway."
C)"You don't need to be worrying about things like that."
D)"The umbilical cord is a group of blood vessels that are very well protected by the placenta."

Accepted Answer

Explaining the structure and function of the umbilical cord is the most appropriate response.The umbilical cord does not float around in blood.Telling the client not to worry negates her need for teaching and discounts her feelings.The placenta does not protect the umbilical cord.The cord is protected by the surrounding Wharton jelly.

Question 16

The volume of amniotic fluid is an important factor in assessing fetal well-being.Oligohydramnios (an amniotic fluid volume of less than 300 ml)is associated with what kind of fetal anomalies?
A)Renal
B)Cardiac
C)Gastrointestinal
D)Neurologic

Accepted Answer

An amniotic fluid volume of less than 300 ml (oligohydramnios)is associated with fetal renal anomalies.The amniotic fluid volume has no bearing on the fetal cardiovascular system.Gastrointestinal anomalies are associated with hydramnios,or an amniotic fluid volume greater than 2 L.The amniotic fluid volume has no bearing on the fetal neurologic system.

Question 17

With regard to the structure and function of the placenta,the maternity nurse should be aware that:
A)As the placenta widens,it gradually thins to allow easier passage of air and nutrients
B)As one of its early functions,the placenta acts as an endocrine gland
C)The placenta is able to keep out most potentially toxic substances,such as cigarette smoke,to which the mother is exposed
D)Optimal blood circulation is achieved through the placenta when the woman is lying on her back or standing

Accepted Answer

The placenta produces four hormones necessary to maintain the pregnancy.The placenta widens until week 20 and continues to grow thicker.Toxic substances such as nicotine and carbon monoxide readily cross the placenta into the fetus.Optimal circulation occurs when the woman is lying on her side.

Question 18

A newly married couple plans to use natural family planning.It is important for them to know how long an ovum can live after ovulation.The nurse knows that teaching is effective when the couple responds that an ovum is considered fertile for:
A)6 to 8 hours
B)24 hours
C)2 to 3 days
D)1 week

Accepted Answer

Ova are considered fertile for about 24 hours after ovulation.Ova are considered fertile for much longer than 6 to 8 hours.Most remain fertile for 24 hours.Ova do not remain fertile for 2 to 3 days.If unfertilized by a sperm,the ovum degenerates and is reabsorbed.Ova do not remain viable for 1 week.After 24 hours the ovum degenerates and is reabsorbed.

Question 19

The ability of the fetus to survive outside the uterus is called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability of the fetus to survive...

Question 20

Sally comes in for her first prenatal examination.This is her first child.She asks you (the nurse),"How does my baby get air inside my uterus?" The correct response is:
A)"The baby's lungs work in utero to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide."
B)"The baby absorbs oxygen from your blood system."
C)"The placenta provides oxygen to the baby and excretes carbon dioxide into your bloodstream."
D)"The placenta delivers oxygen-rich blood through the umbilical artery to the baby's abdomen."

Accepted Answer

The placenta functions by supplying oxygen and excreting carbon dioxide into the maternal bloodstream.The fetal lungs do not function for respiratory gas exchange in utero.The baby does not simply absorb oxygen from a woman's blood system.Blood and gas transport occur through the placenta.The placenta delivers oxygen-rich blood through the umbilical vein,not artery.

Quiz 12: Conception and Fetal Development

A woman who is 8 months pregnant asks the nurse,"Does my baby have any antibodies to fight infection?" The most appropriate response by the nurse is:

The various systems and organs develop at different stages.Which statement is accurate?

It is important for the nurse to understand that the placenta:

With regard to the development of the respiratory system,maternity nurses should be aware that:

At approximately _____ weeks of gestation,lecithin is forming on the alveolar surfaces,the eyelids open,and the fetus measures approximately 27 cm crown to rump and weighs approximately 1110

The most basic information a maternity nurse should have concerning conception is:

Which statement concerning neurologic and sensory development is accurate?

Very fine hairs,called ____________________,appear first at 12 weeks of gestational age on the fetus's eyebrows and upper lip.By 20 weeks they cover the entire body.By 28 weeks,the scalp hair is longer than these fine hairs,which thin and may disappear by term gestation.

A pregnant woman at 25 weeks of gestation tells the nurse that she dropped a pan last week and her baby jumped at the noise.Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

The _____ is/are responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport to and from the maternal bloodstream.

The measurement of lecithin in relation to sphingomyelin (L/S ratio) is used to determine fetal lung maturity.Which ratio reflects maturity of the lungs?

____________________ twins is another term for fraternal twins.These twins may be the same or different sexes and genetically are no more alike than siblings born at different times.

A nurse caring for a laboring woman should know that meconium is produced by:

A woman asks the nurse,"What protects my baby's umbilical cord from being squashed while the baby's inside of me?" The nurse's best response is:

The volume of amniotic fluid is an important factor in assessing fetal well-being.Oligohydramnios (an amniotic fluid volume of less than 300 ml) is associated with what kind of fetal anomalies?

With regard to the structure and function of the placenta,the maternity nurse should be aware that:

A newly married couple plans to use natural family planning.It is important for them to know how long an ovum can live after ovulation.The nurse knows that teaching is effective when the couple responds that an ovum is considered fertile for:

The ability of the fetus to survive outside the uterus is called ____________________.

Sally comes in for her first prenatal examination.This is her first child.She asks you (the nurse) ,"How does my baby get air inside my uterus?" The correct response is: